Recent Developments in the Evaluation and Management of Adult Lacrimal Obstruction

Abstract

Obstruction of the lacrimal drainage system can lead to various symptoms. These commonly include intermittent or constant epiphora, which is defined as tearing due to interference with tear drainage (as opposed to lacrimation, which reflects hypersecretion of tears). Acute or chronic dacryocystitis (lacrimal sac infection) may also develop. Obstruction may occur anywhere along the lacrimal drainage pathway from the punctum to the intranasal ostium of the nasolacrimal duct. Obstruction may be secondary to congenital, infectious, inflammatory, traumatic, or neoplastic processes. A thorough clinical history, physical examination, and, in some cases, radiological evaluation can assist in determining the etiology and appropriate therapy. Anatomy and PathophysiologyA thorough understanding of the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system is vital in the evaluation and management of lacrimal obstruction.There is a close relationship among the orbit, intracranial space, and nose.