Recent developments in the physiology and pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine

Hindle, Andrew

doi:10.1093/bja/73.3.395

Cited by 64 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…The 5-HT receptors participating in fluid and electrolyte secretion include at least G protein-linked 5-HT2b 5-HT4 receptors and the 5-HT3 ligand-gated ion channels [ 16,[39][40][41], with some species differences [16,39,[42][43][44][45][46][47]. The 5-HT2 receptors are situated on neurons and enterocytes, the 5-HT3 receptors are largely located on neuronal structures [16, 481 and 5-HT4 receptors are located on neurons and intestinal smooth muscles [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory pathways in Salmonella Typhimurium-induced fluid accumulation in the porcine small intestine

Grøndahl¹,

Jensen²,

Nielsen

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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The involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT3 receptors and prostaglandin E2 (PGEz) in Salmonella Typhimurium-induced fluid accumulation in the porcine small intestine was investigated. Salmonella Typhimurium (10' and 10" cfu) and cholera toxin (CT; 20pg) were instilled for 8 and 11 h in ligated loops in the porcine jejunum and ileum. Fluid accumulation and concentrations of Na+, K f , C1-, 5-HT and PGE2 in the fluid accumulated in the loops were measured. The fluid accumulation was also measured when Salmonella Typhimurium (10'' cfu) and CT (20 pg) were instilled for 8 h in ligated loops in jejunum and ileum in pigs given subcutaneous injections of saline or the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron (200 pg/kg). Salmonella Typhimurium (10" cfu) and CT both induced fluid accumulation in jejunum and ileum after 8 and 11 h. Both treatments also induced an increase in luminal release of 5-HT and PGE2. The accumulated fluid was iso-osmotic and hyperosmotic in CT-and Salmonella Typhimurium-treated loops, respectively. Ondansetron reduced the Typhimuriuminduced fluid accumulation in both jejunum and ileum by c. 40%, while it failed to reduce the response to CT. These results demonstrate that 5-HT and PGEz are released and 5-HT3 receptors activated in the secretory pathway of Typhimurium in the porcine small intestine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secretory pathways in Salmonella Typhimurium-induced fluid accumulation in the porcine small intestine

Grøndahl¹,

Jensen²,

Nielsen

et al. 1998

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Moreover, most neurochemical substances used so far have a cross-affinity with other receptor families. For example, bromocriptine presents a cross-affinity for DA and Adr receptors (Jackson et al, 1988), and propranolol for Adr and 5-HT receptors (Hindle, 1994). In addition, several neurochemical substances have been associated with RJM (Table 2), and in the absence of controlled studies, it is premature to associate these with SB pathophysiology.…”

Section: Sb and Neurochemical Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Mechanisms Involved in Sleep Bruxism

Lavigne

Kato

Kolta

et al. 2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

443

290

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Sleep bruxism (SB) is reported by 8% of the adult population and is mainly associated with rhythmic masticatory muscle activity (RMMA) characterized by repetitive jaw muscle contractions (3 bursts or more at a frequency of 1 Hz). The consequences of SB may include tooth destruction, jaw pain, headaches, or the limitation of mandibular movement, as well as tooth-grinding sounds that disrupt the sleep of bed partners. SB is probably an extreme manifestation of a masticatory muscle activity occurring during the sleep of most normal subjects, since RMMA is observed in 60% of normal sleepers in the absence of grinding sounds. The pathophysiology of SB is becoming clearer, and there is an abundance of evidence outlining the neurophysiology and neurochemistry of rhythmic jaw movements (RJM) in relation to chewing, swallowing, and breathing. The sleep literature provides much evidence describing the mechanisms involved in the reduction of muscle tone, from sleep onset to the atonia that characterizes rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Several brainstem structures (e.g., reticular pontis oralis, pontis caudalis, parvocellularis) and neurochemicals (e.g., serotonin, dopamine, gamma aminobutyric acid [GABA], noradrenaline) are involved in both the genesis of RJM and the modulation of muscle tone during sleep. It remains unknown why a high percentage of normal subjects present RMMA during sleep and why this activity is three times more frequent and higher in amplitude in SB patients. It is also unclear why RMMA during sleep is characterized by co-activation of both jaw-opening and jawclosing muscles instead of the alternating jaw-opening and jaw-closing muscle activity pattern typical of chewing. The final section of this review proposes that RMMA during sleep has a role in lubricating the upper alimentary tract and increasing airway patency. The review concludes with an outline of questions for future research.

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“…The mucosal enterochromaffin cells of the intestinal tract contain approximately 90% of 5HT present in the body. 17 In our study, palonosetron was used in a dose of 0.075 mg, which has been found to be the minimumeffective dose in various studies. 18,19 Dexamethasone 8 mg is the most commonly used dose for the prophylaxis of PONV in various studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%