Recent Developments in Using Ionic Liquids as Solvents and Catalysts for Organic Synthesis

Photochromism of nitrobenzospiropyran in phosphonium based ionic liquids

“…It has been reported in molecular solvents that changes of several orders of magnitude were observed from 01 to 80 1C. 25 The linear temperature dependence of the rate of thermal relaxation of MC in the ILs studied were plotted using eqn (2). Plots of ln k vs. 1/T are shown in Fig.…”

“…ILs in some cases possess properties such as negligible vapour pressure, high thermal stabilities, tunable viscosities, and both hydrophobic and hydrophilic natures. [1][2][3] For these reasons, along with the fact that ILs can undergo multiple solvation interactions, 4 ILs are attracting the attention of a growing number of scientists and engineers for a range of applications. [5][6][7][8] However, the basic science involved with fully characterizing these ILs is still in its infancy, and this may be holding back the complete and most efficient utilization of these solvents.…”

Ionogel-based light-actuated valves for controlling liquid flow in micro-fluidic manifolds

“…Ionic liquids are attracting much attention because of potential applications in many fields of chemistry and industry due to their chemical and thermal stability, low vapour pressure, high ionic conductivity properties, and tunable hydrophobic and hydrophilic nature. [17][18][19] They have also been labelled as 'designer solvents', 20 because it is possible to tailor anions and/or cations for specific functions such as catalysis, solubility and viscosity. Incorporating ILs into polymer gels is also attractive as it may generate materials with the inherent advantages of ILs within a solid or semi-solid gel-type structure.…”

Photo- and solvatochromic properties of nitrobenzospiropyran in ionic liquids containing the [NTf2]− anion

“…16 ILs are organic salts composed of anions and cations that are in the liquid state at ambient conditions and many show negligible volatility and non-flammability. 17 Hence, they are being actively investigated as alternative solvent media in synthesis, 18 catalysis, 19 polymerization, [20][21][22] separation, 23 electrochemistry 24,25 and electrochemical devices. 26,27 However, the basic science involved with fully characterizing these ILs is still in its infancy, and this may be holding back the complete and most efficient utilization of these potentially, and only in some cases, 28 41 dried under vacuum at 40 1C for 48 h, and stored under argon at 20 1C before analysis.…”