Recent Developments of Polymer Bionanocomposites and Bionanoceramics

Mtibe, Asanda; Mokhena, Teboho Clement; Mokhothu, T. H.; Mochane, M. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10614-0_20-1

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“…7 shows TEM images of cellulose nanofibres obtained from cellulose that was extracted from sugarcane bagasse and maize stalks. The mechanical treatment resulted in the defibrillation of nanofibres from the cell wall (Kumar et al, 2016(Kumar et al, , 2021Mtibe et al, 2019;Mtibe, Mokhothu, & Linganiso, 2018). The isolation of individual nanofibres from bundles of cellulose fibres obtained from sugarcane bagasse and maize stalks, as well as nanofibres aggregates, are seen in Fig.…”

Section: Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential extraction of carbohydrates and lignin from agricultural waste and their structural characterization

Mtibe

John

Andrew³

et al. 2022

Biomat Polymers Horizon

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This work reports on the extraction and characterization of carbohydrates such as cellulose, cellulose nanofibres, hemicellulose, and lignin from agricultural waste, i.e. maize stalks and sugarcane bagasse. The chemical compounds were extracted by hot water extraction (HWE) followed by alkaline extraction with 10 wt.% of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Cellulose nanofibres (CNF) were isolated by mechanical grinding the cellulose fraction using a supermass colloider. The characteristics of the different fractionated components were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The removal of the hemicellulose, lignin and extractives were confirmed quantitatively by TAPPI standard methods. It was observed that the cellulose content and its crystallinity increased after treating maize stalks and sugarcane bagasse with hot water extraction and alkali treatment. The thermal stability of cellulose also improved after treatments. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) results confirmed that web-shaped CNF were successfully extracted from the cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse and maize stalks. The dimensions of the CNF ranged from 5 to 30 nm in width and a few microns in length. In future studies, the fractionated hemicellulose, lignin and (micro and nano) cellulose will be used as reinforcements in the development of biocomposite materials.

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Section: Nanocellulosementioning

confidence: 99%