Recent developments on cells involved in bone repair and their potential clinical applications

Abstract

This review of the literature has summarized recent developments on cells implicated in the different phases of bone healing and their potential clinical applications including inflammatory phase (neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells), fibrovascular phase (endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells - MSCs), bone formation (osteoblasts, chondrocytes), and callus remodeling (osteoclasts). Some studies have confirmed the two well-known facts that alcohol intake and dexamethasone negatively affect bone healing. Other studies have shown that Aucubin, Bortezomib, and human umbilical cord MSCs (HUCMSCs)Wnt10b promote bone healing of bone fractures. However, more research is needed to confirm their actual utility in the clinical practice of bone fracture treatment.