Recent Developments Towards the Synthesis of Triazole Derivatives: A Review

Abstract

The triazole scaffold is a crucial component of heterocyclic chemistry, serving as a basic building block in organic synthesis, materials science, and medicinal chemistry. Triazole is a five-membered ring composed of three nitrogen atoms and two carbon atoms, and it exists in two isomeric forms: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Compounds featuring the triazole ring are important heterocycles known for their diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antimalarial, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiviral, analgesic, and anticancer properties. As a result, triazole derivatives have attracted significant attention from researchers. This review aims to provide a thorough overview of the published studies on the synthesis of triazole derivatives, highlighting various methods for obtaining the triazole moiety. These methods include classical approaches as well as microwave and ultrasound-assisted techniques.