Recent Diagnostic Techniques in Mycology

P, Bhatia NJK Kumar

doi:10.4172/2161-0703.1000146

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…However, this is similar to the law of demand and supply in markets, with the mass production of software applications, primers and probe designs, the cost of molecular methods falls [10]. For example with nucleic acid amplifications (NAAs), there is an increase in the use of these techniques in the diagnostic laboratories [8,10,12,17]. NAA with regards to the attainment of high-quality patient care seems to be the choice since it is fairly reasonable to be performed in the microbiology laboratory [10,13].…”

Section: Demistifying the Cost Involved In Patient Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The reasons are based on; the timely advantages, detection of slow growing pathogen or nonculturable organisms that are more or less difficult to detect, identify and even to be test for antimicrobial susceptibility by conventional methods [1][2][3][4][5]. This century is conciding with many highly infectious pathogens, notably HIV AIDS that has been dictating our immune response to the emerging of number of infections [2,3,[6][7][8][9][10]. Nowadays conditions such as HIV depends entirely on molecular diagnosis for susceptibility testing and management even during the acute phase [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integration of Molecular Methods into Microbiological Diagnostics

Bajinka¹,

Secka²

2017

Appli Micro Open Access

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Conventional microbiological methods take a long time to complete and sometimes accuracy can be compromised due to varying levels of expertise in the laboratory. Thus, molecular methods are highly needed to accomplish this mission. Apart from the specificity and sensitivity, molecular methods confer accuracy, precision, reproductive among others.This review points out the respective needs for molecular techniques in diagnostic laboratories. Various convincing points were elaborated including; the short turnaround time, minimization of nosocomial infections (transmission within the community and health care system), the economic cost involved in-patient treatment, the sensitivity, reliability and the accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases.The benefits that epidemiological studies draw from molecular techniques need to be implemented in developing nations, the big hopes, some limitations and recommendations of the use molecular methods in microbiological diagnostics are discussed.

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Section: Demistifying the Cost Involved In Patient Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Molecular Methods into Microbiological Diagnostics

Bajinka¹,

Secka²

2017

Appli Micro Open Access

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“…Emergence of multidrug-resistant fungal pathogens necessitates the rapid and accurate diagnosis of causative fungi for effective treatment (6). Diagnostic tests, including the gold standard test, have various limitations, such as low sensitivity, invasive collection process, need for qualified professionals, and slow response time, emphasizing the need for new microbiological diagnostic tools with greater specificity and sensitivity for the detection and treatment of patients in clinical settings (7, 8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles produced during fungal infection in humans are immunologically active

de Rezende,

Santos,

Piraine

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Of the known 1.5 million fungal species, Candida spp., Cryptococcus spp., and Paracoccidioides spp. are the main pathogenic species causing serious diseases with almost two million annual deaths. The diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections are challenging since of the limited access to diagnostic tests and the emergence of antifungal resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) promote the interactions of fungal cells with other organisms and play an important role in the pathogen–host relationship. Owing to the complexity of fungal EVs and the lack of clinical studies on their roles in human infections, we studied the EVs from the serum and urine samples of patients with fungal infections caused by Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and determined their roles. Steroids, sphingolipids, and fatty acids were identified as the main secondary metabolites via mass spectrometry analysis. We asked whether these metabolites in EVs could play roles in modulating the host immune response. Our findings revealed the polarization of the proinflammatory profile in murine and human macrophages, with the increased production of cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and interleukin-6, and an increased expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene, a M1 response marker. Therefore, circulating EVs from patients with fungal infections are likely involved in the disease pathophysiology. Our findings provide insights into the roles of EVs in fungal infections in clinical samples and in vitro, suggesting possible targets for systemic mycoses therapy.

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“…Although conventional culture tests remain the cornerstone of diagnosing fungal infections, the challenges associated with these tests are manyfold. These include relatively low sensitivity, slow turnaround time, laborious process and the invasive nature of the specimens required for the testing [ 10 , 11 ]. Blood culture sensitivity for yeasts ranges between 50 and 95 percent, while molds have even lower sensitivity values ranging from 1 to 5 percent [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: challenges and recent developments

Fang¹,

Junqi

Cheng

et al. 2023

J Biomed Sci

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Background The global burden of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) has shown an upsurge in recent years due to the higher load of immunocompromised patients suffering from various diseases. The role of early and accurate diagnosis in the aggressive containment of the fungal infection at the initial stages becomes crucial thus, preventing the development of a life-threatening situation. With the changing demands of clinical mycology, the field of fungal diagnostics has evolved and come a long way from traditional methods of microscopy and culturing to more advanced non-culture-based tools. With the advent of more powerful approaches such as novel PCR assays, T2 Candida, microfluidic chip technology, next generation sequencing, new generation biosensors, nanotechnology-based tools, artificial intelligence-based models, the face of fungal diagnostics is constantly changing for the better. All these advances have been reviewed here giving the latest update to our readers in the most orderly flow. Main text A detailed literature survey was conducted by the team followed by data collection, pertinent data extraction, in-depth analysis, and composing the various sub-sections and the final review. The review is unique in its kind as it discusses the advances in molecular methods; advances in serology-based methods; advances in biosensor technology; and advances in machine learning-based models, all under one roof. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no review covering all of these fields (especially biosensor technology and machine learning using artificial intelligence) with relevance to invasive fungal infections. Conclusion The review will undoubtedly assist in updating the scientific community’s understanding of the most recent advancements that are on the horizon and that may be implemented as adjuncts to the traditional diagnostic algorithms.

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Recent Diagnostic Techniques in Mycology

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Integration of Molecular Methods into Microbiological Diagnostics

Integration of Molecular Methods into Microbiological Diagnostics

Extracellular vesicles produced during fungal infection in humans are immunologically active

Diagnosis of invasive fungal infections: challenges and recent developments

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