Recent evolution on synthesis strategies and anti-leishmanial activity of β-carboline derivatives – An update

Abstract

Leishmaniasis is the most widespread pathogenic disease in several countries. Currently, no effective vaccines are available, and the control of Leishmaniasis primarily relies on decade-old chemotherapy. The treatment for the Leishmaniasis is not up to the mark. Current therapy for Leishmaniasis is ancient and requires hospitalization for the administration. These medications are also highly toxic and resistant. β-carboline, a natural indole containing alkaloid, holds a vital position in the field of medicinal chemistry with a diversified pharmacological action. The current review focuses mainly on the anti-leishmanial effects of β-carboline analogs and their synthetic strategies, structural activity relationship studies (SAR). The past ten years alterations unveiled by β-carboline analogs present in phytoconstituents and various derivatives of synthesized analogs with the mechanism of action were briefly shortlisted and illustrated.

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“…EC50 and EC 90 values for the effect of P1 and P3 on the Leishmania promastigotes growth obtained by the trypan blue exclusion method…”

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“…Over the past decades, a considerable number of small-molecule GSK-3β inhibitors derived from natural products have been designed for anti-AD treatment. [9,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Consequently, the structural modifications based on…”