Recent Investigation on Epoxidation of Styrene with Hydrogen Peroxide by Heterogeneous Catalysis

Abstract

Since epoxidation of styrene with H 2 O 2 by heterogeneous catalysis can, with eco-friendliness and high efficiency, yield original styrene oxide, which is a significant bulk and fine chemical acting as crucial intermediate in wide field including perfume, food industry, UV absorber, epoxy resins thinner, plasticizers, etc., it wins promising prospect and considerable concern. This paper has reviewed the different types of catalysts applied in styrene epoxidation with H 2 O 2 in heterogeneous phase. They are metal nanoparticles, metal oxides nanoparticles, anchored transition metal complexes, heteroge-neous polyoxometallates, anchored ionic liquid, microporous and mesoporous materials, layered double hydroxides. This paper has also summarized predecessors' works from various aspects including preparation of catalyst, catalyst activity, physical and chemical factors relate to catalyst activity, kinetics, reaction mechanism. This paper has exhibited panoptic research situation. It can provide reference for future enhancement on the target reaction and construction of tandem reaction that combines styrene epoxidation with in situ generation of H 2 O 2 from H 2 and O 2 .

A novel Ag-loaded 4 Å zeolite as an efficient catalyst for epoxidation of styrene

“…It is utilized in the production of various organic compounds that find applications across different industries. 1 The main product of the styrene epoxidation reaction, styrene oxide is accompanied by by-products such as benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, and benzoic acid. However, challenges like low product selectivity and environmental concerns stemming from the generation of by-products persist in the synthesis process.…”

Magnetic Thiaminum Octamolybdate Nanocatalyst for Oxygenation of Styrenes to Benzaldehydes and Tandem Synthesis of Benzimidazoles

“…6−8 Both products are broadly applied in various chemical processes and thus represent important intermediates also on an industrial scale. 7 Thus, the design of oxidation catalysts for the selective formation of epoxide or aldehyde is pivotal. 6−8 Pharmaceuticals based on benzimidazole derivatives have found applications as antihypertensive, antiulcer, antiparasitic, antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer drugs.…”

“…Selective oxygenation of styrene has always been a challenge since simple approaches produce mixtures of styrene oxide and benzaldehyde as a result of epoxide rearrangement. − Both products are broadly applied in various chemical processes and thus represent important intermediates also on an industrial scale . Thus, the design of oxidation catalysts for the selective formation of epoxide or aldehyde is pivotal. − …”

Synthesis and Characterization of New Lutidinium Ionic Liquid‐Supported Vanadylsalicylaldoxime Complex for Catalytic Application in Epoxidation Reaction

“…The H 2 O 2based epoxidation method, on the other hand, has clear benefits due to its low environmental impact, ease of handling, zero waste production, and abundance of useful reactive oxygen species (ROSs). [37] Homogeneous and heterogeneous H 2 O 2 -based epoxidation processes have been catalyzed by a wide variety of transition-metal complexes, including metalloporphyrin, polyoxometalates, titanosilicates, methyltrioxo-rhenium, tungsten, manganese, and iron complexes. [36] Nevertheless, the vanadium-catalyzed epoxidation processes of alkenes are of great interest because they have the potential to overcome some of the limitations of these systems (such as the usage of excessive H 2 O 2 , low pH, limited efficiency, and selectivity).…”

“…In addition, the enormous amount of chloride‐laden sewage discharged and the formation of commercially undesired co‐oxidation products are environmental drawbacks of the chlorohydrin process. The H 2 O 2 ‐based epoxidation method, on the other hand, has clear benefits due to its low environmental impact, ease of handling, zero waste production, and abundance of useful reactive oxygen species (ROSs) [37] . Homogeneous and heterogeneous H 2 O 2 ‐based epoxidation processes have been catalyzed by a wide variety of transition‐metal complexes, including metalloporphyrin, polyoxometalates, titanosilicates, methyltrioxo‐rhenium, tungsten, manganese, and iron complexes [36] .…”