Recent laboratory advances in diagnostics and monitoring response to treatment in leprosy

Sengupta, Utpal

doi:10.4103/idoj.idoj_260_18

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…[36] These antigens are also utilised in M. leprae dipstick assay and particle agglutination assay. [37] An immunochromatographic strip test is a quick output lateral flow assay for the detection of antibodies in field conditions and it takes only 10 min to perform. [38] Recombinant 35kD protein can diagnose 40% of PB cases.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis of Leprosy: Current Updates and Future Directions

Bathula

Khurana

Singh³

2023

IJPGD

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Leprosy is a chronic infectious granulomatous disorder caused by Mycobacterium leprae, chiefly affecting skin and peripheral nerves. It is the only known bacteria to infect nerves. Clinical diagnosis of leprosy is made when any of the three cardinal signs defined by the World Health Organisation is present. However, leprosy has varied presentations necessitating laboratory diagnostic methods for diagnosis as well as treatment initiation and monitoring. Slit-skin smears and histopathology form the basic diagnostics of maximum utility, while neurological studies, cytology and imaging have significant specific roles. Novel molecular and serological tests are of value in the diagnosis of early, indeterminate, and paucibacillary leprosy, and for screening of asymptomatic contacts. Molecular methods have in addition found an important place in diagnosis of drug resistance in leprosy.

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Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major membrane proteins-I and II are the other antigens which have been used for serological diagnosis. [37,[40][41][42] However, they seem to add a little value in the diagnosis. [43] There are many studies that stress about high risk of developing leprosy among household contacts with positive anti-PGL-I titres.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of Leprosy: Current Updates and Future Directions

Bathula

Khurana

Singh³

2023

IJPGD

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“…While patients with TT/BT evoke a strong DTH skin reaction, those with BL/LL fail to develop any skin reaction to lepromin [ 69 ]. A previous study showed that there was no difference in the mean reaction size between household contacts and noncontact testing with two soluble antigens of M. leprae , indicating that these antigens are not useful for the diagnosis of leprosy [ 69 ]. However, lepromin tests (lepromin H and lepromin A) are useful for confirming disease classification and prognosis [ 68 ].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy: A Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Management

Chen

Lin

et al. 2022

Journal of Tropical Medicine

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Leprosy is a neglected infectious disease caused by acid-fast bacillus Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin and then progresses to a secondary stage, causing peripheral neuropathy with potential long-term disability along with stigma. Leprosy patients account for a significant proportion of the global disease burden. Previous efforts to improve diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have focused on leprosy in adults, whereas childhood leprosy has been relatively neglected. This review aims to update the diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations for adult and childhood leprosy. This review summarizes the clinical, bacteriological, and immunological approaches used in the diagnosis of leprosy. As strategies for the diagnosis and management of leprosy continue to develop better and more advanced knowledge, control and prevention of leprosy are crucial.

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“…1 Leprosy has become a public health issue in China, and early diagnosis and treatment of it with multi-drug therapy (MDT) are considered key strategies for leprosy control followed by global leprosy strategies. 2,3 However, due to the lack of effective and extensive laboratory practical tools for early diagnosis of the disease, 4,5 early detection remains to be a challenge for leprosy control. 6 In China, most of the newly detected cases were first reported by dermatologists as passive case detection, which results in longer delay periods and vision disabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suspicious symptom monitoring for leprosy: an optimal practice for early detection under a low endemic situation in Zhejiang Province, China

Shen¹,

Kong²,

et al. 2022

Int J Dermatology

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Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that causes disabilities and deformities. Early detection is a major strategy for leprosy control. This study reported a new practice of suspicious symptom monitoring for early detection of leprosy.Methods A descriptive and comparative analysis between a non-strategy group of preimplementation of suspicious symptom monitoring in 2005-2011 and a strategy group of strategy implementation in 2012-2018 was conducted through indicators of the number of times of misdiagnoses, delayed period, proportion of early detected cases, and proportion of disabilities.Result Compared with the non-strategy group in 2005-2011, the median number of times of misdiagnoses was decreased from two times to zero times (z = 4.387, P < 0.001), and the median delayed period of newly detected cases were shortened from 24 months to 13 months (z = 2.381, P < 0.001), the proportion of early detected cases was increased from 43.7% to 75.2% (v 2 = 29.464, P < 0.001), the proportion of grade 2 disabilities was decreased from 28.6% in the highest year of 2005 to 4.0% in the lowest year of 2014, and the average proportion of disabilities was decreased from 33.5% to 17.6% (v 2 = 9.421, P = 0.002) in the strategy group in 2012-2018, respectively.Conclusion Suspicious symptom monitoring promoted early detection of cases by reducing the number of times misdiagnosis of leprosy patients, shortening the delayed period, increasing the proportion of early detection, and decreasing the proportion of disabilities. It is an important and recommendable public health strategy for leprosy prevention and control in a low epidemic condition.

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Recent laboratory advances in diagnostics and monitoring response to treatment in leprosy

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Diagnosis of Leprosy: Current Updates and Future Directions

Diagnosis of Leprosy: Current Updates and Future Directions

Leprosy: A Review of Epidemiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and Management

Suspicious symptom monitoring for leprosy: an optimal practice for early detection under a low endemic situation in Zhejiang Province, China

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