Recent meningitis outbreak in Iraq: a looming threat to public health

Qurbani, Karzan; Hussein, Safin; Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid

doi:10.1177/20499361231216586

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…Aseptic meningitis is one of the severe sequelae, caused by several different EVs (Table 1 above), such as CVBs and EV-A71. Enterovirus associated meningitis outbreaks have recently been reported in 2023 in Iraq (caused by both bacterial and enteroviral infections) [ 84 ], in 2019 in Mayotte French Comoros Island [ 85 ], and 2018-2019 in South Africa [ 86 ] A study found that in the United States between 2011-2014 almost 60% of studied meningitis and encephalitis cases were found to have enterovirus as an etiological agent [ 87 ]. In 2018, an increase in echovirus 30 (E30) infections associated with meningitis/meningoencephalitis were observed in Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden [ 88 ], and a 2022 CVB2 outbreak caused meningoencephalitis in Israeli children [ 89 ], while in 2016 an outbreak of aseptic meningitis caused by E30 broke in Inner Mongolia – an autonomous region of China [ 90 ].…”

Section: Enterovirus Outbreaks Are Commonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroviruses: epidemic potential, challenges and opportunities with vaccines

Jartti,

Flodström-Tullberg,

Hankaniemi

2024

J Biomed Sci

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Enteroviruses (EVs) are the most prevalent viruses in humans. EVs can cause a range of acute symptoms, from mild common colds to severe systemic infections such as meningitis, myocarditis, and flaccid paralysis. They can also lead to chronic diseases such as cardiomyopathy. Although more than 280 human EV serotypes exist, only four serotypes have licenced vaccines. No antiviral drugs are available to treat EV infections, and global surveillance of EVs has not been effectively coordinated. Therefore, poliovirus still circulates, and there have been alarming epidemics of non-polio enteroviruses. Thus, there is a pressing need for coordinated preparedness efforts against EVs.This review provides a perspective on recent enterovirus outbreaks and global poliovirus eradication efforts with continuous vaccine development initiatives. It also provides insights into the challenges and opportunities in EV vaccine development. Given that traditional whole-virus vaccine technologies are not suitable for many clinically relevant EVs and considering the ongoing risk of enterovirus outbreaks and the potential for new emerging pathogenic strains, the need for new effective and adaptable enterovirus vaccines is emphasized.This review also explores the difficulties in translating promising vaccine candidates for clinical use and summarizes information from published literature and clinical trial databases focusing on existing enterovirus vaccines, ongoing clinical trials, the obstacles faced in vaccine development as well as the emergence of new vaccine technologies. Overall, this review contributes to the understanding of enterovirus vaccines, their role in public health, and their significance as a tool for future preparedness.

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Section: Enterovirus Outbreaks Are Commonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroviruses: epidemic potential, challenges and opportunities with vaccines

Jartti,

Flodström-Tullberg,

Hankaniemi

2024

J Biomed Sci

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Biosafety and biosecurity in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region: Challenges and necessities

Qurbani,

Hussein,

Ahmed

et al. 2024

Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity

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Can Clinical Presentations or Hematological Indices Predict Meningitis in Febrile Children?

Akram,

AL-Baldawi

2024

Alq J Med App Sci

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The aim of this study is to assess the role of clinical presentations and hematological indices in the diagnosis of meningitis in febrile children during a meningitis outbreak. A cross-sectional study, recruiting (236) febrile children underwent lumbar puncture for suspected meningitis. Participants were divided into two groups based on the results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: the case group included all those who carried a diagnosis of meningitis while the rest of the patients whose CSF analysis result was negative for meningitis was taken as a control group. The clinical characteristics, hematological indices were compared between both groups. Children with proved meningitis were significantly of older age and resides more in rural areas than control P value= (0.001), (0.014) respectively. The Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet counts were the only significant hematological indices that elevated in children with meningitis P value= (0.001), (0.018) respectively. Headache and neck stiffness were documented more in children with meningitis P value = (<0.001) whilst seizure was significantly less common in children with meningitis P value = (<0.001). During a meningitis outbreak, pediatrician in low resource country can use a constellation of clinical and hematological characteristics to identify febrile children who in need of lumbar puncture to exclude meningitis.

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Recent meningitis outbreak in Iraq: a looming threat to public health

Abstract: Visit Sage journals online journals.sagepub.com/ home/tai

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Enteroviruses: epidemic potential, challenges and opportunities with vaccines

Enteroviruses: epidemic potential, challenges and opportunities with vaccines

Biosafety and biosecurity in the Iraqi Kurdistan Region: Challenges and necessities

Can Clinical Presentations or Hematological Indices Predict Meningitis in Febrile Children?

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