Recent pattern of Co-infection amongst HIV seropositive individuals in tertiary care hospital, kolkata

Abstract

BackgroundOpportunistic Infections (OIs) and co-infections are the major cause of deaths amongst HIV infected individuals and this mostly depends upon the risk factors, type of exposure and geographic region. The commonest types of infections reported are tuberculosis, chronic diarrhoea, oral candidiasis, herpes simplex virus-2, cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Due to the scarcity of OIs data available from this region, we had designed a study to determine the frequency of different OIs amongst HIV seropositive patients.MethodsAnalysis of the different spectrum of OIs/Co-infections were carried out with 204 HIV sero-positive patients (142 males and 62 females) who visited the HIV/AIDS Apex Clinic in a tertiary care hospital from March 2006 to March 2009. The CD4+ count was estimated using FACS Calibur, the routine smear test, serology, nested RT-PCR and DNA sequencing were carried out to determine the different OIs.ResultsIn this study, HIV seropositive patients were mostly from middle age group (31-40 yrs) with CD4+ counts in majority of symptomatic AIDS patients below 200 cells/mm3. The common co-infections/opportunistic infections were OC (53.43%), CD (47.05%), HSV-2 (36.76%), TB (35.29%), CMV (26.96%), HBV (15.19%) and HCV (7.35%). Dual infections, like HSV-2 & CMV (15.38%), HSV-2 & TB (14.61%), HSV-2 & oral candidiasis (24.61%) and CMV & oral candidiasis (14.61%) were significant in follow-up patients. Triple infections were also common e.g., TB, CD, OC infection occurring frequently in about 14.21% of the study population. Multiple infections like OC, TB, CD amongst the viral co-infected patients with HSV-2, HCV, CMV and HBV are also reported in this study. The genotyping analysis of the HCV co-infected HIV individuals shows that two belonged to HCV genotype 1 and 8 belonged to genotype 3.ConclusionsA wide spectrum of OIs were observed amongst HIV-infected patients in the HIV/AIDS Apex Clinic. Oral candidiasis, CD, CMV and HSV-2, were the common OIs in those patients. This study aims to provide a clearer picture regarding infections occurring amongst HIV seropositive individuals so that the scientific findings could be translated into sustainable prevention programmes and improved public health policies.Trial registrationNone

Magnitude and Correlates of Tuberculosis among HIV Patients at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia

“…This study indicated that the sexually active age groups from 25-44 years 302 (78.4%) were predominant followed by 45-64(16.1%) with an average age of 35.89 years and standard deviation of nine years (SD= 35 +/-9.16).This is consistent with the findings of other study which is done in India, age group of 20 -40 years (93%), with the mean age of 30.27 ± 5.5 years [14].…”

“…According to a study done on the pattern of Co-infection amongst HIV seropositive individuals in the tertiary care hospital, Kolkata; TB can occur at any point in the course of HIV infection [14]. Whereas in this study, of the total tuberculosis cases 69.2% were occurred in WHO clinical stage III and of the total study subjects 62(16.1%) and 247(64.2%) were in WHO clinical stage II and III respectively.…”

Molecular Detection of Hepatitis B Virus DNA in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Patients in Khartoum, Sudan

“…Also, Utsumi et al [11] in Indonesia and Geretti et al [12] in China reported results consistent with our findings (15.3%, and 16.7%, respectively), using ELISA to detect HBsAg. [14] and Saha et al in India [15] reported similar results to those revealed by our study (13.4%, 14.5%, and 15.19%, respectively), while higher rates of coinfection were reported by Franzeck et al who detected HBsAg in 28% of HIV-positive patients in Tanzania [16]. This rate of coinfection could reach 90% according to Sud et al depending on the prevailing risk factors in a given population [17].…”

Etiology of opportunistic respiratory tract infections in patients suffering with HIV/AIDS from a tertiary care hospital, Chinakakani, Andhra Pradesh

“…12 The present study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital located in a rural setup with most of the patients being from rural population and HIV seropositive patients were mostly of middle age (31-40) which correlated with earlier studies. 2,13,14 The male: female ratio was found to be 4:1 in our study. The male: female ratios from other study groups 13-15 also tended to be higher.…”