Recent progress and advances towards developing enterovirus 71 vaccines for effective protection against human hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

Bello, Aliyu Maje; Roshorm, Yaowaluck Maprang

doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2022.08.007

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The epidemic strains responsible for large outbreaks in this region belong to genogroups B and C [5]. For that reason, most works on EV-A71 were carried out by using strains of these two genogroups, including the development of vaccine candidates [51,52]. Overall, a broad cross-neutralization has been observed between strains of genogroups B and C. However, some variants of genogroups B and C were previously reported to partially escape neutralization by human antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization of African enterovirus A71 genogroups by antibodies to canonical genogroups

Volle,

Luo,

Razafindratsimandresy

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a major public health problem, causing a range of illnesses from hand-foot-and-mouth disease to severe neurological manifestations. EV-A71 strains have been phylogenetically classified into eight genogroups (A to H), based on their capsid-coding genomic region. Genogroups B and C have caused large outbreaks worldwide and represent the two canonical circulating EV-A71 subtypes. Little is known about the antigenic diversity of new genogroups as compared to the canonical ones. Here, we compared the antigenic features of EV-A71 strains that belong to the canonical B and C genogroups and to genogroups E and F, which circulate in Africa. Analysis of the peptide sequences of EV-A71 strains belonging to different genogroups revealed a high level of conservation of the capsid residues involved in known linear and conformational neutralization antigenic sites. Using a published crystal structure of the EV-A71 capsid as a model, we found that most of the residues that are seemingly specific to some genogroups were mapped outside known antigenic sites or external loops. These observations suggest a cross-neutralization activity of anti-genogroup B or C antibodies against strains of genogroups E and F. Neutralization assays were performed with diverse rabbit and mouse anti-EV-A71 sera, anti-EV-A71 human standards and a monoclonal neutralizing antibody. All the batches of antibodies that were tested successfully neutralized all available isolates, indicating an overall broad cross-neutralization between the canonical genogroups B and C and genogroups E and F. A panel constituted of more than 80 individual human serum samples from Cambodia with neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71 subgenogroup C4 showed quite similar cross-neutralization activities between isolates of genogroups C4, E and F. Our results thus indicate that the genetic drift underlying the separation of EV-A71 strains into genogroups A, B, C, E and F does not correlate with the emergence of antigenically distinct variants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutralization of African enterovirus A71 genogroups by antibodies to canonical genogroups

Volle,

Luo,

Razafindratsimandresy

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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“…The evolution of EV71 strains makes it difficult to develop a vaccine that is effective against all known strains and subtypes [ 8 ]. When constructing an EV71 vaccine candidate, it is crucial to choose a strain that can protect against the vast majority of different EV71 genotypes and sub-genotypes that are currently available [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring B-cell derived T-cell receptor induced multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate against enterovirus 71: a reverse vaccinology approach

Swain,

Panda,

Sahu

et al. 2024

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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Purpose Enterovirus 71, a pathogen that causes hand-foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is currently regarded as an increasing neurotropic virus in Asia and can cause severe complications in pediatric patients with blister-like sores or rashes on the hand, feet, and mouth. Notwithstanding the significant burden of the disease, no authorized vaccine is available. Previously identified attenuated and inactivated vaccines are worthless over time owing to changes in the viral genome. Materials and Methods A novel vaccine construct using B-cell derived T-cell epitopes from the virulent polyprotein found the induction of possible immune response. In order to boost the immune system, a beta-defensin 1 preproprotein adjuvant with EAAAK linker was added at the N-terminal end of the vaccine sequence. Results The immunogenicity of the designed, refined, and verified prospective three-dimensional-structure of the multi-epitope vaccine was found to be quite high, exhibiting non-allergenic and antigenic properties. The vaccine candidates bound to toll-like receptor 3 in a molecular docking analysis, and the efficacy of the potential vaccine to generate a strong immune response was assessed through in silico immunological simulation. Conclusion Computational analysis has shown that the proposed multi-epitope vaccine is possibly safe for use in humans and can elicit an immune response.

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“…According to epidemiological data from the past decade, group A enterovirus (EV)-A71, coxsackievirus (CV)-A16, CV-A6, CV-A10 and group B CV-B3 and CV-B5 virus are the main pathogens responsible for HFMD ( Wang et al., 2022 ), severe viral myocarditis and aseptic meningitis ( Saguil et al., 2019 ; Zhang X. et al., 2022 ; Sharma et al., 2023 ). Although three inactivated EV-A71 vaccines have been available to combat HFMD ( Bello and Roshorm, 2022 ; Kinobe et al., 2022 ), persistent epidemics and cross-infections continue to pose huge threats to public health. Currently, there are no effective antiviral drugs available against enteroviruses, making the development of antiviral agents urgent to control enterovirus infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of fangchinoline as a broad-spectrum enterovirus inhibitor through reporter virus based high-content screening

Zhang,

Li,

et al. 2024

Virologica Sinica

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Recent progress and advances towards developing enterovirus 71 vaccines for effective protection against human hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD)

Cited by 15 publications

References 84 publications

Neutralization of African enterovirus A71 genogroups by antibodies to canonical genogroups

Neutralization of African enterovirus A71 genogroups by antibodies to canonical genogroups

Inferring B-cell derived T-cell receptor induced multi-epitope-based vaccine candidate against enterovirus 71: a reverse vaccinology approach

Identification of fangchinoline as a broad-spectrum enterovirus inhibitor through reporter virus based high-content screening

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