Recent Progress and Perspective of the Electrochemical Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Alcohols

Abstract

Since the industrial revolution, energy demand has increased, resulting in an increase in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Increasing CO2 concentration contributes to global warming and climate change. Strategies to alleviate CO2 emissions by reducing fossil fuel usage and replacing them with renewable energy sources have been devised to resolve this issue. In addition, there are several ways to reduce atmospheric CO2 concentrations including capture, utilization, and sequestration (CCUS). Electrochemical conversion of CO2 is a value-added approach to reducing carbon dioxide emissions as well as producing valuable chemicals, feedstocks, and building blocks. In this review, we report on the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to alcohols and the progress made over the past five years. Alcohols are critical liquid fuels with a higher energy density, ease of storage, and transportation. Herein, we discuss the possible mechanisms for converting CO2 to alcohols and various electrocatalysts employed for this conversion. Detailed studies compared the performances of the electrocatalysts based on the faradaic efficiency, current density, product selectivity, and stability. Furthermore, various types of electrochemical devices that can be used for the conversion of CO2 to alcohol are also discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for further research are presented.

Nanostructured cobalt/copper catalysts for efficient electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction

“…11–14 An ideal catalyst for the electrochemical reduction process should have an extensive surface area, high conversion efficiency, tunable product selectivity, and long-term stability. 15 Metallic nanocatalysts are especially of interest since their morphology can be designed to maximize surface areas and thus the number of active sites on which carbon dioxide can be adsorbed. 16–23 By combining two or more metals, the elemental composition of the catalyst can be optimized, and the binding energies of carbon dioxide and other reaction intermediates can be tuned to direct the reduction pathway to a desired product with high faradaic efficiency.…”

“…16–23 By combining two or more metals, the elemental composition of the catalyst can be optimized, and the binding energies of carbon dioxide and other reaction intermediates can be tuned to direct the reduction pathway to a desired product with high faradaic efficiency. 15,24,25…”