Recent Progress and Prospects of MXene/Cellulose‐Based Composite Electrodes: A Sustainable Pathway towards Supercapacitor Application

Abstract

MXenes, a group of two‐dimensional (2D) metal carbides and nitrides, have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. This is primarily attributed to their inherent metal‐like electrical conductivity, layered structure, surface redox reactivity, and superior pseudocapacitance through surface functional groups. Owing to its promising features, this material suffers from low mechanical strength, restacking, and unprecedented oxidation. As a result, balancing the electrochemical performance becomes challenging, eventually impeding its potential applications in lightweight, flexible supercapacitor applications. Recent strategies are centered on lighter and more stable filler materials to tackle these issues. Among these, cellulose is considered one of the most effective renewable materials because of its biocompatibility, thermal stability, high surface area, and mechanical reinforcement. Moreover, nanocellulose is capable of hosting other functional materials on its reactive surfaces, ensuring better ion accessibility, and can be used as an electrolyte separator membrane. This review paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the fabrication strategy, deterministic parameters for capacitive energy‐storage devices, electrochemical behavior, and the performance of MXene/cellulose‐based electrodes in its three‐dimensional aspect (1D, 2D and 3D) for supercapacitor application. Lastly, this review will outline the challenges and prospects of MXene/cellulose‐based composite electrodes in real‐life supercapacitor applications.

Synergy of Charge Storage Properties of CuO and Polypyrrole in Composite CuO-Polypyrrole Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitor Devices

“…The areal capacitance of the anodes must be matched with the areal capacitance of advanced Mn 3 O 4 or MnO 2 cathodes, which showed high capacitances at the level of ∼6–8 F cm –2 in a Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. ,, Therefore, the low areal capacitance of CuO anodes is a limiting factor for the applications of this material in asymmetric supercapacitors. It should be noted that aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors are environmentally friendly and offer advantages of enlarged voltage window and high energy and power density compared to aqueous symmetric supercapacitors. − …”