Recent progress in advanced materials for electrochemical determination of phenolic contaminants

Extremozyme-Based Biosensors for Environmental Pollution Monitoring: Recent Developments

“…Additionally, the direct electrochemical oxidation of phenols on electrodes modified with carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene, graphdiyne, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, carbon black, biochar, etc. [ 237 ], is a cost-effective solution for the sensitive detection of phenolic compounds in well-characterized samples or simple mixtures. For more complex or unknown samples, to achieve the required selectivity, the nanomaterial-coated electrodes were either coupled with separation methods or used as support materials for enzyme-based biosensors.…”

“…The specific detection of phenols with biosensors was achieved using tyrosinase, laccase, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase or phenol hydroxylase as the recognition element [ 78 , 84 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 108 , 131 , 238 , 239 ], combined with advanced materials. Carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides have been used to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of phenolic compound detection owing to their high surface area and high loading capacity with enzymes, superior conductivity or optical properties [ 237 ]. Moreover, some materials act as mimics of catechol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, horseradish peroxidase, laccase and hydrolase [ 237 ].…”

“…Carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides have been used to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of phenolic compound detection owing to their high surface area and high loading capacity with enzymes, superior conductivity or optical properties [ 237 ]. Moreover, some materials act as mimics of catechol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, horseradish peroxidase, laccase and hydrolase [ 237 ]. The combination of enzymes and nanomaterials have enabled us to achieve detection limits in the 10 −9 M range, e.g., an LOD of 5.8 × 10 −9 M phenol reported for a biosensor based on tyrosinase and nitrogen-doped graphdiyne-modified glassy carbon electrode [ 240 ].…”

An Affordable and Efficient Graphite‐Coated Electrode for the Voltammetric Determination of Catechol

“…The latest advances in the electrochemical determination of phenols and catechol in particular are thoroughly explored in selected review articles. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] They demonstrate that current efforts are primarily centered around enhancing sensitivity and selectivity through the development of modified electrodes. Key strategies involve leveraging various materials such as carbon nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles, polymer films, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, composite materials, biological recognition elements, and ionic liquids, among other.…”

“…Among these techniques, the electrochemical ones emerge as highly advantageous, as they offer real‐time analysis capabilities, enable direct detection without the need for intricate sample preparation, and are cost‐effective, in contrast to the alternative methods. The latest advances in the electrochemical determination of phenols and catechol in particular are thoroughly explored in selected review articles [7–16] . They demonstrate that current efforts are primarily centered around enhancing sensitivity and selectivity through the development of modified electrodes.…”