“…Although the origin of the photovoltaic effect in bismuth ferrite remains controversial, several key factors, such as domain wall, depolarization field, Schottky barrier, and oxygen defect, do have a significant impact on its photovoltaic characteristics. 4,6,7,10,15 The domain wall effect was confirmed to be the dominant factor only for the anomalous photovoltaic effect observed in the epitaxial BiFeO 3 films with periodic ferroelectric stripe domain patterns. 4,7 The depolarization field induced by the unscreened polarization charges to efficiently drive the separation of photogenerated carriers was suggested to work well in the polarized or self-polarized ferroelectrics, but it will be too low to account for the photovoltaic effect in the leaky BiFeO 3 films or bulk.…”