Recent progress in capillary ITP

Gebauer, Petr; Malá, Zdena; Boček, Petr

doi:10.1002/elps.200600396

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Isotachophoresis (ITP) is a well-established electrophoretic separation and focusing technique used for sample preconcentration and analysis in a wide range of chemical and biological applications (Gebauer, Malá & Boček 2007). In ITP, sample ions focus between leading (LE) and trailing electrolytes (TE) with respectively higher and lower effective ion mobility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample dispersion in isotachophoresis

Garcia-Schwarz¹,

Bercovici²,

Marshall³

et al. 2011

J. Fluid Mech.

115

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We present an analytical, numerical and experimental study of advective dispersion in isotachophoresis (ITP). We analyse the dynamics of the concentration field of a focused analyte in peak mode ITP. The analyte distribution is subject to electromigration, diffusion and advective dispersion. Advective dispersion results from strong internal pressure gradients caused by non-uniform electro-osmotic flow (EOF). Analyte dispersion strongly affects the sensitivity and resolution of ITP-based assays. We perform axisymmetric time-dependent numerical simulations of fluid flow, diffusion and electromigration. We find that analyte properties contribute greatly to dispersion in ITP. Analytes with mobility values near those of the trailing (TE) or leading electrolyte (LE) show greater penetration into the TE or LE, respectively. Local pressure gradients in the TE and LE then locally disperse these zones of analyte penetration. Based on these observations, we develop a one-dimensional analytical model of the focused sample zone. We treat the LE, TE and LE-TE interface regions separately and, in each, assume a local Taylor-Aris-type effective dispersion coefficient. We also performed well-controlled experiments in circular capillaries, which we use to validate our simulations and analytical model. Our model allows for fast and accurate prediction of the area-averaged sample distribution based on known parameters including species mobilities, EO mobility, applied current density and channel dimensions. This model elucidates the fundamental mechanisms underlying analyte advective dispersion in ITP and can be used to optimize detector placement in detection-based assays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample dispersion in isotachophoresis

Garcia-Schwarz¹,

Bercovici²,

Marshall³

et al. 2011

J. Fluid Mech.

115

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“…ITP can be easily combined with another ITP or zone electrophoretic technique in an appropriate column-coupled configuration [229,230], see a general scheme of CE-CE combination in Fig. 2A.…”

Section: Column-coupled Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples

Mikuš

Maráková

2009

Electrophoresis

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An analysis of recent trends indicates that CE can show real advantages over chromatographic methods in ultratrace enantioselective determination of biologically active compounds in complex biological matrices. It is due to high separation efficiency and many applicable in-capillary electromigration effects in CE (countercurrent migration, stacking effects) enhancing significantly (enantio)separability and enabling effective sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, analyte derivatization). Other possible on-line combinations of CE, such as column coupled CE-CE techniques and implementation of nonelectrophoretic techniques (extraction, membrane filtration, flow injection) into CE, offer additional approaches for highly effective sample preparation and separation. CE matured to a highly flexible and compatible technique enabling its hyphenation with powerful detection systems allowing extremely sensitive detection (e.g. LIF) and/or structural characterization of analytes (e.g. MS). Within the last decade, more as well as less conventional analytical on-line approaches have been effectively utilized in this field and their practical potentialities are demonstrated on many new application examples in this article. Here, three basic areas of (enantioselective) drug bioanalysis are highlighted and supported by a brief theoretical description of each individual approach in a compact review structure (to create integrated view on the topic), including (i) progressive enantioseparation approaches and new enantioselective agents, (ii) in-capillary sample preparation (preconcentration, purification, derivatization), and (iii) detection possibilities related to enhanced sensitivity and structural characterization.

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“…The recent applications of ITP both in the capillary [106] and in the microchip [107] formats are more frequently dealing with the determination of low-molecular-mass ions than with the analysis of peptides and other biopolymers. One of the few exceptions is the application of capillary ITP (CITP) to the determination of the purity of lecirelin, synthetic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) [108].…”

Section: Itpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides

Kašička

2007

Electrophoresis

118

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The article brings a comprehensive survey of recent developments and applications of high-performance capillary electromigration methods, zone electrophoresis, ITP, IEF, affinity electrophoresis, EKC, and electrochromatography, to analysis, preparation, and physicochemical characterization of peptides. New approaches to the theoretical description and experimental verification of electromigration behavior of peptides and to methodology of their separations, such as sample preparation, adsorption suppression, and detection, are presented. Novel developments in individual CE and CEC modes are shown and several types of their applications to peptide analysis are presented: conventional qualitative and quantitative analysis, purity control, determination in biomatrices, monitoring of chemical and enzymatical reactions and physical changes, amino acid and sequence analysis, and peptide mapping of proteins. Some examples of micropreparative peptide separations are given and capabilities of CE and CEC techniques to provide important physicochemical characteristics of peptides are demonstrated.

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Recent progress in capillary ITP

Cited by 54 publications

References 89 publications

Sample dispersion in isotachophoresis

Sample dispersion in isotachophoresis

Advanced CE for chiral analysis of drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers in biological samples

Recent developments in CE and CEC of peptides

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