Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview

Pathak, Devesh K.; Moon, Hong Chul

doi:10.1039/d2mh00845a

Cited by 70 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…Electrochromic devices (ECDs) can be fabricated by integrating electrochromic materials with electrode and electrolyte materials. They have broad application prospects in smart windows, low-power displays, antiglare rearview mirrors, smart textiles, energy storage systems, , heat-shielding systems, sensing, catalysis and military camouflage . Therefore, it is important to develop efficient ECDs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-Switching WO₃-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Guo

Jia²,

Shao

et al. 2023

Acc. Mater. Res.

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Conspectus Electrochromic devices (ECDs) can reversibly regulate their optical properties (transmittance, reflectance, and color) via internal ion migration under applied voltage, thus exhibiting advantages such as controllable switching, high contrast ratio between bleached and colored states, and low power consumption. Based on these features, ECDs have been studied in the fields of photothermal modulation, dynamic display, energy storage, and camouflage. Recently, remarkable breakthroughs have been made in ECDs with respect to the contrast ratio, coloration efficiency, cycle stability, and scale-up fabrication. Nevertheless, the response speed, which is related to the efficiency and power consumption of devices, especially in application scenarios with strict requirements on switching rate, remains a major restricting parameter. Typically, the modulation strategies for the response speed of ECDs can be divided based on three aspects, i.e., electrodes, electrochromic materials, and electrolytes. The basic method for improving the response speed of ECDs involves expediting the migration of ions in the electrolyte to ensure that they getting into and out of the electrochromic layer more quickly and conveniently. By optimizing the electrode layer for improving electron transport, ion migration can be favored in this layer. The structure of the electrolyte layer, ion type, and structure of the electrochromic layer are equally crucial parameters influencing the entry of ions into the electrochromic layer. These directions can provide abundant opportunities for the basic research and practical applications of ECDs. In this Account, we highlighted the recent progress on modulation strategies related to improving the response of WO3-based ECDs, primarily the progress made by our group. First, we discussed various modulation strategies of electrolyte in detail, including multivalent ions, tandem proton transport, and hybrid ion synergy. Then, we presented two additional modulation strategies for electrodes and electrochromic materials to improve the response speed of ECDs. Accordingly, we discussed various examples of our previous works on fast-switching WO3-based ECDs to demonstrate their application prospects. Finally, we summarized the current challenges involved in fast-switching WO3-based ECDs and identified some possible prospects for their future design.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast-Switching WO₃-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Guo

Jia²,

Shao

et al. 2023

Acc. Mater. Res.

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“…8−10 The neutral state is extremely unfavorable for applications mediated by free radicals, which reduces the efficiency of free radical utilization. Recently, viologen derivatives can also be used in electrochromic devices, 11 molecular self-assembly, 12 energy storage, 13 and catalysts. 14 However, the application and development of viologens have been severely restricted due to disadvantages such as a wide energy range and a low degree of conjugation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of viologens to undergo reversible redox reactions that give rise to three different oxidation states (MV 2+ , MV *+ , and MV) is the foundation of many applications, and MV *+ is crucial in the photocatalytic process. − The neutral state is extremely unfavorable for applications mediated by free radicals, which reduces the efficiency of free radical utilization. Recently, viologen derivatives can also be used in electrochromic devices, molecular self-assembly, energy storage, and catalysts . However, the application and development of viologens have been severely restricted due to disadvantages such as a wide energy range and a low degree of conjugation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viologen-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Metal-Free Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Altınışık

Yanalak

Patır

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have shown promise in the field of photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Many studies have been carried out using various electroactive and photoactive moieties such as triazine, imide, and porphyrin to produce COFs with different geometric structures and units. Electron transfer mediators like viologen and their derivatives can accelerate the transfer of electrons from photosensitizers to active sites. Herein, the combination of a biphenyl-bridged dicarbazole electroactive donor skeleton with a viologen acceptor structure is reported for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of novel COF structures with various alkyl linkers {TPCBP X-COF [X = ethyl (E), butyl (B), and hexyl (H)]}. The structures became more flexible and exhibited less crystal behavior as the length of the alkyl chain increased according to scanning and transmission electron microscopy images, X-ray diffraction analyses, and theoretical three-dimensional geometric optimization. In comparison, the H2 evolution rate of the TPCBP B-COF (12.276 mmol g–1) is 2.15 and 2.38 times higher than those of the TPCBP H-COF (5.697 mmol h–1) and TPCBP E-COF (5.165 mmol h–1), respectively, under visible light illumination for 8 h. The TPCBP B-COF structure is one of the best-performing catalysts for the corresponding photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in the literature, producing 1.029 mmol g–1 h–1 with a high apparent quantum efficiency of 79.69% at 470 nm. Our strategy provides new aspects for the design of novel COFs with respect to future metal-free hydrogen evolution by using solar energy conversion.

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“…of ECDs can change reversibly under an applied external voltage. Because of its advantages such as relatively low working voltage, large optical modulation, and independently controlled multiband regulation, ECDs are also widely studied and used in the fields of information and multicolor displays, automobile and aircraft glass, and energy displays. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SiO₂: A Novel Electrolyte for High-Performance All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices

Liu

Wei

2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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For the practical application of electrochromic devices (ECDs), the development and preparation of high-performance electrolyte materials is one of the urgent problems to be solved. In this work, an allsolid-state ECD with the integrated structure of glass/ITO/WO 3 /Li/SiO 2 / NiO/ITO has been prepared by the magnetron sputtering method. The amorphous SiO 2 film prepared by pulsed direct current reactive magnetron sputtering was used as the electrolyte layer in the ECD for the first time and shows promising potential due to its ultrahigh transparency, good intrinsic electronic insulation, and loose structure for fast ion conduction. The ECD exhibits low leakage current density (8.5 μA cm −2 for bleaching and 43.4 μA cm −2 for coloring), high optical modulation (ΔT = 71.9% at 707 nm), fast response speed (1.1 s for the bleaching process and 8.5 s for the coloring process), excellent cycle stability, and high coloration efficiency (126.4 cm 2 C −1 ). This work not only indicates that SiO 2 as a dielectric material can be used as the electrolyte layer in all-solid-state ECDs but also provides new avenues in the selection of electrolyte materials for the preparation of high-performance ECDs.

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Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview

Abstract: Integration of several functionalities into one isolated electrochemical body is necessary to realize compact and tiny smart electronics. Recently, two different technologies, electrochromic (EC) materials and energy storage, were combined...

Cited by 70 publications

References 210 publications

Fast-Switching WO₃-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Fast-Switching WO₃-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Viologen-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Metal-Free Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

SiO₂: A Novel Electrolyte for High-Performance All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices

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Recent progress in electrochromic energy storage materials and devices: a minireview

Abstract: Integration of several functionalities into one isolated electrochemical body is necessary to realize compact and tiny smart electronics. Recently, two different technologies, electrochromic (EC) materials and energy storage, were combined...

Cited by 70 publications

References 210 publications

Fast-Switching WO3-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Fast-Switching WO3-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Viologen-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks toward Metal-Free Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

SiO2: A Novel Electrolyte for High-Performance All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices

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Product

Resources

About

Fast-Switching WO₃-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

Fast-Switching WO₃-Based Electrochromic Devices: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

SiO₂: A Novel Electrolyte for High-Performance All-Solid-State Electrochromic Devices