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Developing sufficiently effective non‐precious metal catalysts for large‐current‐density hydrogen production is highly significant but challenging, especially in low‐voltage hydrogen production systems. Here, we innovatively report high‐entropy alloy nanoflower array (HEANFA) electrodes with optimizable reaction pathways for hydrazine oxidation‐assisted hydrogen production at industrial‐grade current densities. Atomic‐resolution structural analyses confirm the single‐phase solid‐solution structure of HEANFA. The HEANFA electrodes exhibit the top‐level electrocatalytic performance for both the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Furthermore, the hydrazine oxidation‐assisted splitting (OHzS) system assembled with HEANFA as both anode and cathode exhibits a record‐breaking performance for hydrogen production. It achieves ultralow working voltages of 0.003, 0.081, 0.260, 0.376, and 0.646 V for current densities of 10, 100, 500, 1 000, and 2 000 mA cm−2, respectively, and remarkable stability for 300 h, significantly outperforming those of previously reported OHzS systems and other chemicals‐assisted hydrogen production systems. Theoretical calculations reveal that extraordinary performance of HEANFA for OHzS is attributed to its abundant high‐activity sites and optimizable reaction pathways in HER and HzOR. In particular, HEANFA enables intelligent migration of key intermediates during HzOR, thereby optimizing the reaction pathways and creating high‐activity sites, ultimately endowing the extraordinary performance for OHzS.
Developing sufficiently effective non‐precious metal catalysts for large‐current‐density hydrogen production is highly significant but challenging, especially in low‐voltage hydrogen production systems. Here, we innovatively report high‐entropy alloy nanoflower array (HEANFA) electrodes with optimizable reaction pathways for hydrazine oxidation‐assisted hydrogen production at industrial‐grade current densities. Atomic‐resolution structural analyses confirm the single‐phase solid‐solution structure of HEANFA. The HEANFA electrodes exhibit the top‐level electrocatalytic performance for both the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR). Furthermore, the hydrazine oxidation‐assisted splitting (OHzS) system assembled with HEANFA as both anode and cathode exhibits a record‐breaking performance for hydrogen production. It achieves ultralow working voltages of 0.003, 0.081, 0.260, 0.376, and 0.646 V for current densities of 10, 100, 500, 1 000, and 2 000 mA cm−2, respectively, and remarkable stability for 300 h, significantly outperforming those of previously reported OHzS systems and other chemicals‐assisted hydrogen production systems. Theoretical calculations reveal that extraordinary performance of HEANFA for OHzS is attributed to its abundant high‐activity sites and optimizable reaction pathways in HER and HzOR. In particular, HEANFA enables intelligent migration of key intermediates during HzOR, thereby optimizing the reaction pathways and creating high‐activity sites, ultimately endowing the extraordinary performance for OHzS.
Electrocatalytic organic oxidation coupled with hydrogen production emerges as a profitable solution to simultaneously reduce overall energy consumption of H2 production and synthetic high‐value chemicals. Noble metal catalysts are highly efficient electrocatalysts in oxidation reactions, but they deactivate easily weakening the benefit in actual production. Herein, we report a universal asymmetric pulse potential strategy to achieve long‐term stable operation of noble metals for various alcohol oxidation reactions and noble metal catalysts. For example, by pulsed potentials between 0.8 V and 0 V vs. RHE, palladium (Pd)‐catalyzed glycerol (GLY) electrooxidation can continuously proceed for more than 2800 h with glyceric acid (GLA) selectivity of >70%. Whereas, Pd electrocatalyst becomes nearly deactivated within 6 h of reaction under conventional potentiostatic strategy. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the generated electrophilic OH* from H2O/OH− oxidation on Pd (denoted as Pd‐OH*) acts as main active species for GLY oxidation. However, Pd‐OH* is prone to be oxidized to PdOx resulting in performance decay. When a short reduction potential (e.g., 0 V vs. RHE for 5 s) is powered, PdOx can be reversibly reduced to restore the current. Moreover, we tested the feasibility of this strategy in a flow electrolyzer, verifying the practical application potential.
Electrocatalytic organic oxidation coupled with hydrogen production emerges as a profitable solution to simultaneously reduce overall energy consumption of H2 production and synthetic high‐value chemicals. Noble metal catalysts are highly efficient electrocatalysts in oxidation reactions, but they deactivate easily weakening the benefit in actual production. Herein, we report a universal asymmetric pulse potential strategy to achieve long‐term stable operation of noble metals for various alcohol oxidation reactions and noble metal catalysts. For example, by pulsed potentials between 0.8 V and 0 V vs. RHE, palladium (Pd)‐catalyzed glycerol (GLY) electrooxidation can continuously proceed for more than 2800 h with glyceric acid (GLA) selectivity of >70%. Whereas, Pd electrocatalyst becomes nearly deactivated within 6 h of reaction under conventional potentiostatic strategy. Experimental and theoretical calculation results reveal that the generated electrophilic OH* from H2O/OH− oxidation on Pd (denoted as Pd‐OH*) acts as main active species for GLY oxidation. However, Pd‐OH* is prone to be oxidized to PdOx resulting in performance decay. When a short reduction potential (e.g., 0 V vs. RHE for 5 s) is powered, PdOx can be reversibly reduced to restore the current. Moreover, we tested the feasibility of this strategy in a flow electrolyzer, verifying the practical application potential.
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