Recent progress in flexible piezoelectric devices toward human-machine interactions

Abstract

Human-machine interactions are becoming increasingly required for intelligent sensing and effective manipulation. Recent developments in flexible piezoelectric sensors with short response time and high force-electric interconversion efficiency present a tendency toward facilitating diverse human-machine interactive applications. Here, we review the development of flexible piezoelectric human-machine interactions in the context of robotic control, the Internet of Things, sports coaching and acoustic therapeutics. The synthesis of unique materials, the distinct design of device structures, the typical applications of piezoelectric human-machine interactions and the integration of cutting-edge technologies are elaborated in detail based on recent research. Finally, we highlight the current challenges and directions for the development of piezoelectric human-machine interactions for more advanced application scenarios.

Boosting flexible electronics with integration of two‐dimensional materials

“…260 These piezoresistive sensors, underpinned by TMDCs, have significant potential for applications in e-skins, [261][262][263] and human-computer interaction. [264][265][266] Palladium diselenide (PdSe 2 ), a recently discovered 2D TMDC material with notable stability, exhibits exceptional flexibility and piezoresistive properties. 64,267 Remarkably, single-layer PdSe 2 can endure up to 17% and 19% strain tension 268 along the x-and y-axes, respectively.…”

Modulating piezoelectricity and mechanical strength via three-dimensional gradient structure for piezoelectric composites

“…Dielectric materials with unique electric-coupling properties such as dielectricity, piezoelectricity, ferroelectricity and pyroelectricity have been extensively applied in electronic devices, 1 energy storage devices, 2 medical equipment 3 and military weapons. 4 The piezoelectricity of dielectric materials can convert mechanical energy into electricity, which is critical for flexible electronics 5–9 and energy harvesting. 10 Typical piezoelectric ceramics exhibit an outstanding piezoelectric response, but unfortunately, the inherent brittleness and rigidness limit their applications.…”

Mushroom-mimetic 3D hierarchical architecture-based e-skin with high sensitivity and a wide sensing range for intelligent perception

“…, smart home, 4 human–machine interfaces, 5,6 flexible touchable displays, 7 health monitoring systems 8–10 and so on), e-skin has received considerable interest. To date, e-skin has excellent sensing performance based on a variety of sensing mechanisms, such as piezoresistive, 11–14 capacitive, 15–17 piezoelectric 18,19 and triboelectric effects, 20–22 etc. Among these mechanisms, e-skin based on the piezoresistive mechanism has attracted much attention due to the reliable pressure-induced current/resistance changes.…”