Recent Progress in Fluorescent Probes for Diabetes Visualization and Drug Therapy

Abstract

Diabetes has become one of the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic diseases that threaten human health, and it is accompanied by serious complications. Therefore, it is vital and pressing to develop novel strategies or tools for prewarning and therapy of diabetes and its complications. Fluorescent probes have been widely applied in the detection of diabetes due to the fact of their attractive advantages. In this report, we comprehensively summarize the recent progress and development of fluorescent probes in detecting the changes in the various biomolecules in diabetes and its complications. We also discuss the design of fluorescent probes for monitoring diabetes in detail. We expect this review will provide new ideas for the development of fluorescent probes suitable for the prewarning and therapy of diabetes in future clinical transformation and application.

Mechanistic analysis of viscosity-sensitive fluorescent probes for applications in diabetes detection

“…, rise in the cellular content of methylglyoxal, acetone, glycated haemoglobin, albumin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reactive sulfur species (RSS), along with enhanced intracellular viscosity and malfunctioning of several enzymes. 1 Since fluorescence is largely affected by the surrounding microenvironment, the selective monitoring of diabetes is possible by viscosity-responsive fluorophores. Fluorophores, used for the detection of various bio-analytes, mainly function based on diverse energy transfer processes involving donor–acceptor interactions.…”

H2S-based fluorescent imaging for pathophysiological processes

“…Compared with traditional imaging methods, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound imaging (Poelma, 2016;Lim et al, 2019;Antequera et al, 2021), fluorescence imaging technology allows non-invasive detecting biomarkers with high sensitivity, quick response time and wonderful spatiotemporal resolution, which makes animal models of tracking pathology and clinical studies very attractive (Jun et al, 2020;Hanaoka et al, 2022;Qi et al, 2022;Sun et al, 2022). Fluorescencebased imaging typically uses small molecule fluorescent probes that are designed to bind/react with disease-based target biomarkers and offer measurable fluorescent signal changes for qualitative and quantitative analysis of analytes and imaging traces (Jia et al, 2022;Zhao L et al, 2022;Hou et al, 2022;Hou et al, 2020a;Gardner et al, 2021;Du et al, 2023;Li et al, 2023). Typically, these probes should exhibit wonderful sensitivity and specificity for biomarkers to guarantee their accurate detection in bio-systems (Hou et al, 2020b;He et al, 2021;Kawai et al, 2021;Ren M et al, 2021).…”

Design of a Portable and Reliable Fluorimeter with High Sensitivity for Molecule Trace Analysis

“…Many chemical substances play a key role in living biometabolic routes and the development of new chemosensors is a key tool for analyzing their influence on this kind of process. Nowadays, a great variety of chemosensors are available with a very broad variety of bioanalysis applications [1,2]. Analytical methods based on optical properties are one of the most interesting areas due, fundamentally, to their high sensitivity and selectivity as well as low limits of detection and quantification for chemical and biochemical analysis.…”

“…In the recent years, there is an increasing interest in the development of organic fluorescent materials as chemical sensors [4], such as rhodamine [5], cytochrome-c [6], melamine [7], chlorophyll [8] and quercetin [9], and many other probes with important medical applications for diabetes and drug therapy [2].…”