Recent progress in Green Ammonia: Production, applications, assessment; barriers, and its role in achieving the sustainable development goals

Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali; Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali; Al-Murisi, Mohammed; Shehata, Nabila; Alami, Abdul Hai; Radwan, Ali; Wilberforce, Tabbi; Chae, Kyu-Jung; Sayed, Enas Taha

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2022.116594

Cited by 109 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Green ammonia refers to ammonia whose production is 100% renewable and carbon-free. One method for producing green ammonia is to use hydrogen from the electrolysis of water using energy from renewable sources and nitrogen extracted from the air at high temperatures under pressure in the presence of a suitable catalyst. , The Haber–Bosch ammonia production method is the most frequently utilized process in the world . Another consideration for ammonia commercialization is that methanol plants are convertible for ammonia production since methanol is produced in the same conditions as ammonia. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Ammonia–Biodiesel Fueled RCCI Combustion Engine Using a Split Injection Strategy

Ramachandran,

Krishnaiah,

Perumal Venkatesan

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Advanced combustion concepts in compression ignition are emerging as one of the most promising solutions to reduce nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particle emissions without sacrificing fuel efficiency. Among many advanced combustion concepts, reactive controlled compression ignition (RCCI) can achieve a wider working range. In this study, to implement RCCI operation, ammonia gas is introduced through the manifold as a low-reactive fuel, and biodiesel is injected directly as a high-reactivity fuel with a 40:60 energy ratio. The effect of biodiesel split ratio in a split injection strategy (pre- and main injections) is examined under varied load conditions, and the results are compared with ammonia/biodiesel single injection. Results indicate that the use of the 45% biodiesel split ratio at full load boosts the peak in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate and shifts the peak occurrence toward the top dead center (TDC). An increase in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) to 36.22% and reduced brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) to 8.75 MJ/kWh are 12.33% higher and 19.31% lower than ammonia/biodiesel single injection. Emissions of HC, CO, and smoke opacity were reduced to 50 ppm, 0.098% vol, and 15.6%, which are 34.21, 39.13, and 33.89% lower, while the emission of NO x was increased to 615 ppm, which is 36.06% higher than the single-injection ammonia/biodiesel RCCI combustion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Ammonia–Biodiesel Fueled RCCI Combustion Engine Using a Split Injection Strategy

Ramachandran,

Krishnaiah,

Perumal Venkatesan

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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“…It is crucial to investigate how these factors impact the density of nitrogen vacancies and the transfer properties of lattice nitrogen, as well as the reaction kinetics involved. While smaller particle size and higher porosity have been validated to contribute to a higher NH 3 production rate, ,, innovative synthesis methods such as atomic layer deposition (ALD), , 3D printing, , and plasma-assisted synthesis − should be explored to achieve these desirable characteristics. In addition, systematic investigations that standardize the choice of materials, synthesis procedures, and catalytic systems are essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of their collective impact on the NH 3 production rate in CLAP processes.…”

Section: Outlook and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adverse environmental effects and escalating prices of fossil fuels have prompted the exploration of alternative energy sources . Hydrogen has emerged as a promising contender to replace fossil fuels, with projected utilization rates expected to reach 50% by 2050 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adverse environmental effects and escalating prices of fossil fuels have prompted the exploration of alternative energy sources. 1 Hydrogen has emerged as a promising contender to replace fossil fuels, with projected utilization rates expected to reach 50% by 2050. 2 However, the widespread adoption of hydrogen as a zero-carbon emission solution is hindered by challenges in storage, transportation, and its highly diffusive and flammable properties, necessitating the search for another energy carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advances in Nitrogen Carriers for Chemical Looping Processes for Sustainable and Carbon-Free Ammonia Synthesis

Zhou,

Li,

et al. 2023

ACS Catal.

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The use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier has generated considerable interest in developing more renewable and long-lasting methods for ammonia production. Collaborative efforts among research institutes, industries, and governments are underway to produce carbonfree ammonia and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. One largely emerging approach, namely, chemical looping ammonia production (CLAP) with high product selectivity and energy efficiency that utilizes nitrogen carrier materials under atmospheric pressure may greatly reduce this process. Despite recent advancements, several key challenges related to the thermodynamics, kinetics, mechanisms, and environmental impacts of CLAP remain unresolved. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progression and breakthroughs in this captivating domain, contrasts the properties of nitrogen carriers deployed in assorted CLAP processes alongside thermodynamic and kinetic considerations, and offers insights into the future trajectory of CLAP.

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“…According to a study, ammonia or an ammonia and hydrogen blend would be the primary fuel for IC engines that would achieve the 2050 renewable energy goal . Ammonia has several benefits as a substitute fuel, including its absence of a carbon structure, lowest storage cost, simplicity of production, improved calorific value, and energy conservation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Studies to Reduce Usage of Fossil Fuels and Improve Green Fuels by Adopting Hydrogen–Ammonia–Biodiesel as Trinary Fuel for RCCI Engine

Ramachandran,

Krishnaiah,

Perumal Venkatesan

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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This study investigates the feasibility of hydrogen addition to achieve lower emissions and higher thermal efficiency in an ammonia−biodiesel-fueled reactivity-controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine. A single-cylinder light-duty water-cooled compression ignition (CI) engine was adapted to run in RCCI combustion with port-injected ammonia and hydrogen as low reactive fuel (LRF) and direct-injected algal biodiesel as high reactive fuel (HRF). In our earlier study, the ammonia substitution ratio (ASR) was optimized as 40%. To optimize fuel and engine settings, hydrogen is added in quantities ranging from 5 to 20% by energy share. The combustion, performance, and emission characteristics were investigated for the trinary fuel operation. The result shows that the 20% hydrogen premixing with 40% ammonia−biodiesel RCCI operation increased the peak cylinder pressure (CP), peak heat release rate (HRR), and cumulative heat release rate (CHRR) by 15.12, 25.15, and 26.68%, respectively. Ignition delay (ID) and combustion duration (CD) were decreased by 15.53 and 11.24%, respectively. The combustion phasing angle was advanced by 4 °CA. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was improved by 15.49%, and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) was reduced by 21.92%. While the nitrogen oxide (NOx) level was significantly increased by about 31.82%, the hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), smoke, and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were reduced by 24.53, 28.16, 25.82, and 17.47% as compared to the optimized ASR40% combustion.

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Recent progress in Green Ammonia: Production, applications, assessment; barriers, and its role in achieving the sustainable development goals

Cited by 109 publications

References 239 publications

Investigation on Ammonia–Biodiesel Fueled RCCI Combustion Engine Using a Split Injection Strategy

Investigation on Ammonia–Biodiesel Fueled RCCI Combustion Engine Using a Split Injection Strategy

Advances in Nitrogen Carriers for Chemical Looping Processes for Sustainable and Carbon-Free Ammonia Synthesis

Experimental Studies to Reduce Usage of Fossil Fuels and Improve Green Fuels by Adopting Hydrogen–Ammonia–Biodiesel as Trinary Fuel for RCCI Engine

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