Recent progress in high-entropy alloys: A focused review of preparation processes and properties

Yu, Bingxi; Ren, Yongsheng; Zeng, Yi; Ma, Wenhui; Morita, Kazuki; Zhan, Shu; Lei, Yun; Lv, Guoqiang; Li, Shaoyuan; Wu, Jijun

doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.01.246

Cited by 25 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…Overall, E-TOFMS is a versatile tool for the analysis of complex plasma processes involving multiple energetic and chemical species, therefore in particular suitable for supporting development in thin film technology, where the IEDF for multiple ions is of interest. Examples of such areas include the development of high entropy alloy or compound films, where the energy of the impinging species influences the structure and microstructure of the grown film, ,,, or optimisation of thin film systems and interfaces in electronics, photovoltaics, and energy storage. The presented applications focus on PVD, specifically magnetron sputtering, however, it is likely that it will prove to be useful in the context of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer deposition (PE-CVD, PE-ALD) in general, where information on the IEDF and the nature of the ionic species involved in film growth are important for understanding the growth mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Resolving Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Bulk Plasma Analysis

Watzek,

Sturm,

Stoermer

et al. 2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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This work presents a newly designed energy-resolving time-of-flight mass spectrometer (E-TOFMS) for analysing the energy and mass of ions in bulk plasma. The system comprises an electrostatic sector analyser (ESA) for energy-to-charge (E/Q) ratio resolution and an orthogonal reflectron TOFMS for mass-to-charge (m/Q) ratio analysis. The design choices are explained, providing insight into electron and ion path simulations. The instrument was characterised using various ion generation sources, including an electron impact ion source, high power impulse magnetron sputtering, and microwave plasma electron cyclotron resonance sources. To validate its functionality, the energy-resolving data was compared with data obtained under the same conditions using a Langmuir probe and a retarding field energy analyser (RFEA). The benefits of the proposed E-TOFMS were demonstrated by sputtering highly alloyed steel with multiple isotope-rich elements, such as Mo or W. This technique offers an E/Q ratio resolution of up to 0.15 V for a range up to 125 V and a m/Q ratio resolution of at least 700 Th for a range up to 250 Th, with a temporal resolution of 10 μs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Resolving Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Bulk Plasma Analysis

Watzek,

Sturm,

Stoermer

et al. 2024

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…The disordered crystal structure of MPEAs can result in an enhanced strength, making these materials interesting from the point of view of structural applications [4,5]. In addition, MPEAs correspond to the unexplored middle parts of phase diagrams, motivating the extensive investigation into these materials in the recent decade [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial Design of an Electroplated Multi-Principal Element Alloy: A Case Study in the Co-Fe-Ni-Zn Alloy System

Nagy,

Péter,

Kolonits

et al. 2024

Metals

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Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) are at the forefront of materials science due to their large variety of compositions, which can yield unexplored properties. Mapping the structure and properties of a compositional MPEA library in a reasonable time can be performed with the help of gradient samples. This type of specimens has already been produced in both bulk and layer forms. However, combinatorial MPEA coatings have not been synthesized by electroplating, although this method has a great potential to deposit a coating on components with complex shapes. In this study, a combinatorial Co-Fe-Ni-Zn coating with the thickness of 4 μm was synthesized by electrodeposition. The material exhibited a well-defined Zn gradient; therefore, the investigation of the effect of Zn concentration on the microstructure and mechanical properties was feasible without the production of an excessively large number of specimens. The Zn concentration was controlled laterally through mass transfer due to the unique geometry of the substrate, and it covered a concentration range of 18–44 at%. The chemical and phase compositions as well as the morphology of the as-processed samples were investigated in multiple locations using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical performance was characterized by nanoindentation. It was found that for any composition, the structure is face-centered cubic and the lattice constant scaled with the Zn concentration of the deposit. The hardness and the elastic modulus were consistent with values of about 4.5 and 130 GPa, respectively, in the Zn concentration range of 25–44 at%.

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