Recent progress in homogeneous electrochemical sensors and their designs and applications

Li, Haiyin; Qi, Hongjie; Chang, Jiafu; Gai, Panpan; Li, Feng

doi:10.1016/j.trac.2022.116712

Cited by 69 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In recent years, label-free homogeneous electrochemical biosensors have been widely developed because of their low cost and easy preparation [ 183 ]. Conventionally, electroactive molecules will readily diffuse towards an electrode surface to undergo an electron transfer reaction and produce an electrochemical signal.…”

Section: Mb/mnp-based Target Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on the Design of Magnetically Assisted Electrochemical Biosensors

et al. 2022

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Electrochemical biosensors generally require the immobilization of recognition elements or capture probes on the electrode surface. This may limit their practical applications due to the complex operation procedure and low repeatability and stability. Magnetically assisted biosensors show remarkable advantages in separation and pre-concentration of targets from complex biological samples. More importantly, magnetically assisted sensing systems show high throughput since the magnetic materials can be produced and preserved on a large scale. In this work, we summarized the design of electrochemical biosensors involving magnetic materials as the platforms for recognition reaction and target conversion. The recognition reactions usually include antigen–antibody, DNA hybridization, and aptamer–target interactions. By conjugating an electroactive probe to biomolecules attached to magnetic materials, the complexes can be accumulated near to an electrode surface with the aid of external magnet field, producing an easily measurable redox current. The redox current can be further enhanced by enzymes, nanomaterials, DNA assemblies, and thermal-cycle or isothermal amplification. In magnetically assisted assays, the magnetic substrates are removed by a magnet after the target conversion, and the signal can be monitored through stimuli–response release of signal reporters, enzymatic production of electroactive species, or target-induced generation of messenger DNA.

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Section: Mb/mnp-based Target Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview on the Design of Magnetically Assisted Electrochemical Biosensors

et al. 2022

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“…Wearable biochemical sensors have attracted a great deal of attention since they can overcome the shortcomings of conventional rigid electronic devices, showing great potential in personalized medical treatment and continuous monitoring of physical conditions. − In particular, sweat wearable biosensors (SWBs) are considered to be promising candidates for continuously, simply, and noninvasively monitoring the content of biomarkers. , The electrochemical method, taking the advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity, as well as rapid response time, has been widely utilized in developing the SWBs. , Although significant progress has been achieved, there still remain notable challenges. On the one hand, highly sensitive sensing electrodes are desirable for biomarker monitoring due to their low concentration in sweat ( e.g., 10–200 μM for glucose, 5–20 mM for lactate, and 2–200 μM for uric acid (UA)). , On the other hand, most SWBs have been developed based on enzymatic sensing electrodes, which suffer from a limited stability and a relatively complicated fabrication procedure of the natural enzymes. , Additionally, the flexibility of the sensing electrodes under deformation during the daily wearable application is very important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 The electrochemical method, taking the advantages of simplicity, high sensitivity, and selectivity, as well as rapid response time, has been widely utilized in developing the SWBs. 7,8 Although significant progress has been achieved, there still remain notable challenges. On the one hand, highly sensitive sensing electrodes are desirable for biomarker monitoring due to their low concentration in sweat (e.g., 10−200 μM for glucose, 5−20 mM for lactate, and 2− 200 μM for uric acid (UA)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonenzymatic Sweat Wearable Uric Acid Sensor Based on N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide/Au Dual Aerogels

Chen

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Sweat wearable sensors enable noninvasive and real-time metabolite monitoring in human health management but lack accuracy and wearable applicability. The rational design of sensing electrode materials will be critical yet challenging. Herein, we report a dual aerogel-based nonenzymatic wearable sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of uric acid (UA) in human sweat. The three-dimensional porous dual-structural aerogels composed of Au nanowires and N-doped graphene nanosheets (noted as N-rGO/Au DAs) provide a large active surface, abundant access to the target, rapid electron transfer pathways, and a high intrinsic activity. Thus, a direct UA electro-oxidation is demonstrated at the N-rGO/Au DAs with a much higher activity than those at the individual gels (i.e., Au and N-rGO). Moreover, the resulting sensing chip displays high performance with a good anti-interfering ability, long-term stability, and excellent flexibility toward the UA detection. With the assistance of a wireless circuit, a wearable sensor is successfully applied in the real-time UA monitoring on human skin. The obtained result is comparable to that evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. This dual aerogel-based nonenzymatic biosensing platform not only holds considerable promise for the reliable sweat metabolite monitoring but also opens an avenue for metal-based aerogels as flexible electrodes in wearable sensing.

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“…To overcome these shortcomings, we herein develop a new aptasensor for quantitative assay of AFP-L3% by making use of an ordered labeling strategy. Electrochemical technology with unique advantages of high sensitivity and simple operation is adopted in the sensor. , Scheme may illustrate the principle of the aptasensor. First, the AFP aptamer-functionalized gold electrode offers a sensing interface to indistinguishably capture the total AFP (including AFP-L3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ordered Labeling-Facilitated Electrochemical Assay of Alpha-Fetoprotein-L3 Ratio for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Zhao

Liu

Qin

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is a “gold-standard” biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Available pieces of evidence suggest that the ratio of AFP-L3 isoform in the total AFP may provide more accurate prediction for the incidence of HCC. In this work, we design an electrochemical aptasensor for high-accuracy assay of AFP-L3 ratio based on differentiated labeling of AFP isoforms in an orderly fashion. Specifically, total AFP is first captured by an AFP aptamer-functionalized electrode and labeled with quantum dots-functionalized DNA probes via mild reduction. Then, AFP-L3 isoform that strongly binds to Lens culinaris agglutinin is labeled with silver nanoparticles after the exonuclease-catalyzed removal of DNA probes. By tracing the electrochemical responses of quantum dots and silver nanoparticles, respectively, the amounts of total AFP and AFP-L3 isoforms are determined and the AFP-L3 ratio is accordingly calculated to favor the accurate HCC diagnosis. Experimental results prove the high-accuracy assay of AFP-L3 ratio based on the AFP quantitation in a linear range of 0.0008–40 ng mL–1 and AFP-L3 quantitation in a linear range of 0.004–40 ng mL–1. The aptasensor also displays satisfactory specificity and good recoveries even in the complex serum samples. Therefore, the aptasensor may provide a valuable tool for the assay of the AFP-L3 ratio and have a great potential use in early warning of HCC for clinical application.

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Recent progress in homogeneous electrochemical sensors and their designs and applications

Cited by 69 publications

References 111 publications

Overview on the Design of Magnetically Assisted Electrochemical Biosensors

Overview on the Design of Magnetically Assisted Electrochemical Biosensors

Nonenzymatic Sweat Wearable Uric Acid Sensor Based on N-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide/Au Dual Aerogels

Ordered Labeling-Facilitated Electrochemical Assay of Alpha-Fetoprotein-L3 Ratio for Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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