Recent Progress in Improving the Performance of Infrared Photodetectors via Optical Field Manipulations

Chen, Jian; Wang, Jiuxu; Li, Xin; Jin, Chen; Yu, Fei; He, Jinmei; Wang, Jian; Zhao, Zengyue; Li, Guanhai; Chen, Xiaoshuang; Lü, Wei

doi:10.3390/s22020677

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 155 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…[ 61 ] The photodetectors are widely used for IR detection because of its various advantages including high operating temperature, lower noise, lower power consumption and higher quantum efficiency. [ 62 ] While performing gas sensing using photodetectors, cross‐talk with the neighbor gas can be eliminated with the application of optical interference band pass filter.…”

Section: Ir Breath Analysis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Non‐Invasive Exhaled Biomarker Sensing: A Review

Ranu,

Rahman

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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Exhaled breath analysis is considered an effective tool for diagnosing the patient's metabolic status because of its non‐invasive nature. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and other mass spectrometry techniques are widely used for exhaled breath analysis. Nevertheless, the requirement of a handheld device for real‐time analysis and rapid processing time of multiple samples leads to advancing infrared (IR) based breath gas sensing techniques. Herein, the IR gas sensing technologies are discussed with a focus on non‐dispersive infrared (NDIR), photoacoustic (PAS), and tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensing technologies because of their highly selective gas detection among compound gases (mixture of VOCs), as well as their corresponding sensing mechanisms and characteristics, for real‐time monitoring of exhaled biomarkers. Carbon dioxide, acetone, ammonia, nitric oxide, methane, and ethylene are the significant biomarkers elaborated in this work with their respective clinical applications and the significance of non‐invasive real‐time monitoring using IR detectors. Challenges in selectivity and clinical trials leads to focus on this review. Current market analysis, present status of different techniques to detect specific biomarkers and other challenges with their possible solutions discussed in this review aid in developing highly selective IR‐based handheld breath VOC analyzers for early diagnosis and screening.

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Section: Ir Breath Analysis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Non‐Invasive Exhaled Biomarker Sensing: A Review

Ranu,

Rahman

et al. 2023

Advanced Sensor Research

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Owing to progress in the design of the active region, as well as their low-noise property with bias-free photovoltaic operation, the noise-equivalent power of QC detectors compares favorably with the other uncooled IR detectors, such as mercury-cadmium-telluride detectors. [22,23] In addition, highspeed operation with a response time on the order of picoseconds has been demonstrated in mid-IR QC detectors for the detection of a high-frequency heterodyne beat signal, [24,25] microwave rectification, [26] and the observation of an impulse response of a femto-second optical pulse. [27] This high-speed behavior is one of the outstanding features of ISB photodetectors that other types of IR photodetector cannot achieve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical flicker-noise analysis based on trapping and de-trapping model in quantum-cascade detectors

Dougakiuchi,

Fujita,

Kadoya

2024

Quantum Sensing and Nano Electronics and Photonics XX

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Quantum-cascade (QC) detectors are photovoltaic infrared detectors that exhibit low-noise characteristics dominated by the Johnson-Nyquist noise owing to the absence of fluctuations brought on by an external operation bias. When the Johnson-Nyquist noise level is low (at high device resistances), the flicker noise cannot be ignored in the lower-frequency region. However, the flicker noise seen in QC detectors has not been sufficiently discussed, and only the Johnson-Nyquist noise has been considered. In this study, we carried out flicker-noise analysis for mid-infrared QC detectors with a response wavelength of approximately 4.5 m using experimental and theoretical approaches. The theoretical predictions, which were based on fluctuating charge-dipoles caused by electron trappings and de-trappings at impurity states, showed qualitative agreement with the measured temperature and device size dependencies of the flicker noise. Because doping of impurities into the absorption well is essential for detector operation, the results suggest that flicker noise is unavoidable in QC detectors. Therefore, to achieve the best low-noise performance of QC detectors, it is important to understand how flicker noise behaves in QC detectors using a theoretical model that considers the experimental results.

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“…Infrared (IR) semiconductor photodetectors (PDs) have been widely applied in commercial and scientific fields, such as telecommunications, 1,2 automatic driving systems, 3,4 thermal imaging, 5,6 and remote sensing. 7,8 One requirement of these PDs is that their response spectra should cover the IR range as broadly as possible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%