Recent Progress in Polyaniline and its Composites for Supercapacitors

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) has piqued the interest of nanotechnology researchers due to its potential as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Despite its ease of synthesis and ability to be doped with a wide range of materials, PANI′s poor mechanical properties have limited its use in practical applications. To address this issue, researchers investigated using PANI composites with materials with highly specific surface areas, active sites, porous architectures, and high conductivity. The resulting composite materials have improved energy storage performance, making them promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in PANI‐based supercapacitors, focusing on using electrochemically active carbon and redox‐active materials as composites. We discuss challenges and opportunities of synthesizing PANI‐based composites for supercapacitor applications. Furthermore, we provide theoretical insights into the electrical properties of PANI composites and their potential as active electrode materials. The need for this review stems from the growing interest in PANI‐based composites to improve supercapacitor performance. By examining recent progress in this field, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art and potential of PANI‐based composites for supercapacitor applications. This review adds value by highlighting challenges and opportunities associated with synthesizing and utilizing PANI‐based composites, thereby guiding future research directions.

Valorization of Biomass-Derived Polymers to Functional Biochar Materials for Supercapacitor Applications via Pyrolysis: Advances and Perspectives

“…Unlike conventional capacitors and renewable batteries, the SC is important in bridging the gap between battery and conventional capacitor, and it is particularly suitable for power systems that require high power throughput but relatively low energy density as it can achieve much higher energy or power density than a conventional capacitor or battery (shown in Table 2 ). The performance of an SC is highly controlled by the property/quality of its electrode material and electrolyte, and research on carbon materials with high performance such as graphene, carbon nanotube, and carbon quantum dot has attracted more attention as an SC electrode [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. However, such kinds of high-quality carbon materials are usually difficult to prepare, and the cost may be too high for mass production.…”

Synthesis of NiMn2O4/PANI nanosized composite with increased specific capacitance for energy storage applications

“…Alterations in redox peaks demonstrate sensitivity related to the sweeping rates of the electrochemical behaviour within the material, elucidating the impact of scan rate variations on the charge storage behaviour. 29,47…”

“…28 These studies contribute to improved electrochemical performance with the heterostructure formation of PANI with spinel NiMn 2 O 4 , from the synergistic effect of materials. 29…”

Enhancing supercapacitor performance of Ni–Co–Mn metal–organic frameworks by compositing it with polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide

“… 34 Polyaniline (PANI) has garnered significant attention within the realm of conducting polymers (CPs) as an electrode owing to exhibiting distinctive redox states, excellent thermal stability, low cost, and remarkable theoretical capacitance. 35 Its cyclability as an electrode in a supercapacitor, however, suffers due to swelling/shrinkage changes, 36 which results in mechanical degradation caused by the doping/undoping of anions or cations during operation. Another problem is the diminishing conductivity of the polymer chains further exacerbating the decline in its specific capacitance over time.…”