Recent progress in tar removal by char and the applications: A comprehensive analysis

Zeng, Xi; Ueki, Yasuaki; Yoshiie, Ryo; Naruse, Ichiro; Wang, Fang; Han, Zhennan; Xu, Guangwen

doi:10.1016/j.crcon.2019.12.001

Cited by 80 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The condensation of this mixture at ambient or moderate temperature can bring wide range of operational and environmental problems, counting the plugging and the fouling of turbines, pipelines and engines as well as the water pollution [1,4,5]. Moreover, the presence of tars in the product syngas could limit its use in some further downstream applications [6]. Conventional thermochemical process for tar removal, such as thermal cracking, requires high temperatures and/or an increment of the gas residence time, generating a large amount of soot [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading syngas from wood gasification through steam reforming of tars over highly active Ni-perovskite catalysts at relatively low temperature

Jurado

Papaefthimiou

Thomas

et al. 2021

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading syngas from wood gasification through steam reforming of tars over highly active Ni-perovskite catalysts at relatively low temperature

Jurado

Papaefthimiou

Thomas

et al. 2021

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…In this case, the 1 L min −1 nitrogen flow was also used during the whole experiment. The vapors and gases leaving the tank reactor passed through the tubular reactor, which was loaded with a charcoal bed and the catalyst (when necessary) and was maintained at 900 • C. The charcoal bed was used due to the catalytic activity given to char in the removal of tars [51,52]. This ex situ treatment of gases and vapors allows controlling the temperature of both reactors and reduces the effect of coking and prevents metal contamination of the catalyst, expanding its life.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a Reforming Catalyst for Hydrogen Production in the Carbonization Process of Torrefied Biomass

López-Urionabarrenechea

Acha

Adrados

et al. 2020

Catalysts

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The utilization of charcoal from woody biomass is an efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions from the metallurgical industry. The main aim of this work is to study the charcoal production process from torrefied biomass. For this purpose, torrefaction (3 °C min−1, 250 °C, 30 min) and carbonization (3 °C min−1, 750 °C, 30 min) experiments of eucalyptus wood were carried out in a 3.5 L tank reactor. In the carbonization experiments, a thermo-catalytic treatment of the vaporized phase was also performed, with the objective of producing less condensates and H2-rich gases. The results show that the torrefaction pre-treatment does not affect the chemical properties of charcoal but significantly improves the performance of the carbonization process, where more than 50 wt% of charcoal is obtained. In addition, the thermal and thermo-catalytic treatment of the vaporized phase during the carbonization of torrefied biomass yields better results than in the case of fresh biomass. When torrefied biomass is used as raw material and the reforming catalyst is employed to treat the vapors and gases, a proportion of 71 vol% of H2 in the gases is achieved, together with very low quantities of condensates (8.0 wt%). This allows designing a carbonization process in which, in addition to charcoal, pure H2 can also be produced.

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“…The former are produced directly from the pyrolysis of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin while the latter are the result of several complex reactions by increasing temperature above 500 oC and 800 oC, respectively (Molino et al 2016). But with the use of the catalytic reforming of char bed and some modification in gasifiers' design, the tar can be removed in the gasification process (Zeng et al 2020). When olivine particles were used as a bed material, the gas yield increased by more than 50%, tar was reduced by 20 times and char was reduced by 30% as compared to using sand (Kumar et al 2009a).…”

Section: Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of neglected biomass and industrial side-streams utilization in biofuels production

Sandar¹

2022

Diss. For.

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The utilization of forest side-streams is associated with the applied bioenergy technology that must be impellent to support the increasing demand for biofuels and resources while lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from the transport sector. This study aimed to estimate potential biofuel production from eutrophic (EL) and mesotrophic (ML) lake bottom biomass and the manufacturing side-streams from the pulp and paper mill (PI -PVIII). Theoretical biogas and bioethanol productions were modeled by Aspen Plus® simulation through 1) saccharification and fermentation, 2) gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis, 3) gasification-syngas fermentation, and (4) anaerobic digestion processes. In addition, the different process stages of the pulp and paper side-streams was studied by ABE fermentation using Clostridium acetobutylicum DSM 1731.The bioethanol produced from EL and ML biomass from indirect gasification and mixed alcohol synthesis were 244.5 L/t and 57.1 L/t, whereas the yields from saccharification and fermentation were 137 L/t and 40 L/t, respectively. The EL biomass produced the most profitable bioethanol production from the latter process. The ML and EL biomass produced biogas of 38.9 mL/g volatile solid and 136.6 mL/g volatile solid, respectively. The ash from the EL and ML biomass and the dried samples of PI and PIII could be used as fertilizer because the harmful elements for Finnish fertilizer products were below the detectable limit. The primary sludge (PII) sample had found high N and P concentrations and cadmium (Cd) concentration (3 mg/kg), which exceeded the Cd limit for Finnish fertilizer products (1.5 mg/kg). However, wet primary sludge (PII) forming 300,000 tonnes/year (72600 dry tonnes) produced anhydrous ethanol about 3011 kg/h (24,090 tonnes/year) when PII was used for the gasification-syngas fermentation process in the bioethanol plant model.Three pulp and paper side-streams (PI, PII and PIII) with unwashing and water washing were pretreated with dilute acid (0.2% H2SO4 at 180 °C for 10 min), followed by saccharification and ABE fermentation. The results suggested that water washing did not affect the PII and PIII prehydrolysate sugar recovery, as well as enzyme hydrolysis of the rejects from kraft pulping (PI) did not require prewashing before dilute acid pretreatment. In addition, the unwashed PI side-stream yielded the highest ABE concentration of 12.8 g/L, compared to the unwashed PII and PIII side-streams, 5.2 g/L, and 6.3 g/L, respectively. The side-streams from different process stages in pulp and paper mill were concluded to be high potential feedstocks for biofuels production due to their chemical compositions. The unwashed PI was suitable feedstock for butanol production, while PII could be fully utilized in the integrated gasification-syngas fermentation process. Primary sludge (PII) was found to be a promising feedstock for bioethanol and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 15 % can be obtained by two implementations. One was a cost-competitive ethanol selling price (ESP) of €0.6...

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Recent progress in tar removal by char and the applications: A comprehensive analysis

Cited by 80 publications

References 101 publications

Upgrading syngas from wood gasification through steam reforming of tars over highly active Ni-perovskite catalysts at relatively low temperature

Upgrading syngas from wood gasification through steam reforming of tars over highly active Ni-perovskite catalysts at relatively low temperature

Use of a Reforming Catalyst for Hydrogen Production in the Carbonization Process of Torrefied Biomass

Potential of neglected biomass and industrial side-streams utilization in biofuels production

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