Recent progress of biomarkers in oral cancers

Abstract

Oral cancers are the seventh most common cancer globally. While progresses in oral cancer treatment have been made, not all patients respond to these therapies in the same way. To overcome this difficulty, numerous studies have been devoted to identifying biomarkers, which enable early identification of patients who may benefit from a particular treatment modality or at risk for poor prognosis. Biomarkers are protein molecules, gene expression, DNA variants, or metabolites that are derived from tumors, adjacent normal tissue or bodily fluids, which can be acquired before treatment and during follow-up, thus extending their use to the evaluation of cancer progression and prediction of treatment outcome. In this review, we employed a basic significance level (<0.05) as the minimal requirement for candidate biomarkers. Effect sizes of the biomarkers in terms of odds ratio, hazard ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves were subsequently used to evaluate the potential of their clinical use. We identified the CCND1 from the tumor, human papillomavirus, HSP70, and IL-17 from the peripheral blood, and high density of CD45RO+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as the clinically relevant biomarkers for oral cancers.

Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles with Applications in Oral Diseases Management

“…The asymptomatic nature of oral cancers, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, makes it difficult to be detected at the early stage. Several biomarkers, including lactic acid and valine, tissue polypeptide antigen, lysine, proline, citrulline, and ornithine, have been advocated to be associated with oral cancer [ 124 ]. Early detection of these biomarkers in ISF from suspected oral lesions collected using MN-based devices would be a good way forward.…”

Prognostic and clinicopathological significance of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in patients with oral cancer: a meta-analysis

“…Although the treatment methods including ICIs have been applied, the prognosis of oral cancer is not substantially improved in the past several decades. Prediction of the prognosis is of major importance in oral cancer and biomarkers can provide guides to form personally optimized treatments of the disease [ 8 ]. Therefore, detection and identification of reliable and cost-effective biomarkers is urgently needed for oral cancer.…”