Recent Progress of Catalyst Design for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane to Syngas

Abstract

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Effect of Nickel and Cobalt Doping on the Redox Performance of SrFeO3−δ toward Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Methane

“…To date, the chemical conversion of CH 4 can be carried out by two routes, i.e., the indirect and direct ones. , The former (i.e., syngas route) is the current industrial process for large-scale transformation of CH 4 into bulk chemicals via intermediate formation of syngas (a mixture of CO and H 2 ) and other numerous processes. ,, Thus far, syngas is conventionally produced from a reaction of CH 4 with water (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), or oxygen (O 2 ), corresponding to steam reforming of methane (SRM), dry reforming of methane (DRM), and partial oxidation of methane (POM), respectively. ,,, Of these reactions, DRM (eq ) can realize the catalytic conversion of two most main greenhouse gases (CH 4 and CO 2 ) simultaneously into valuable products, which is considered to be a more environmentally friendly and particularly sustainable pathway. ,, Because of the Boudouard reaction (eq ) and other side reactions, carbon deposition leads to rapid catalyst deactivation. , This is one of the biggest challenges for industrialization of DRM. Other than that, this scheme produces the syngas with a H 2 /CO ratio of 1, which is unfavorable for the subsequent Fischer–Tropsch synthesis or methanol synthesis, in which the H 2 /CO ratio of 2.0 is required. ,, Although tremendous efforts have been made to overcome these challenges, it remains imperative to investigate other potential strategies, especially from the perspective of reaction engineering. C H 4 + C O 2 → 2 C O + 2 H 2 , ⁣ Δ H 298 = 247 k J · m o l − 1 …”

“…3,6,14 Thus far, syngas is conventionally produced from a reaction of CH 4 with water (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), or oxygen (O 2 ), corresponding to steam reforming of methane (SRM), dry reforming of methane (DRM), and partial oxidation of methane (POM), respectively. 12,13,15,16 Of these reactions, DRM (eq 1) can realize the catalytic conversion of two most main greenhouse gases (CH 4 and CO 2 ) simultaneously into valuable products, which is considered to be a more environmentally friendly and particularly sustainable pathway. 12,15,17 Because of the Boudouard reaction (eq 2) and other side reactions, carbon deposition leads to rapid catalyst deactivation.…”

Sustainable Synthesis of a Highly Stable and Coke-Free Ni@CeO2 Catalyst for the Efficient Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane

“…Converting CH 4 and CO 2 into valuable chemicals is one of the best routes to alleviate anthropogenic climate change. In terms of this concern, dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a fascinating, environmentally friendly process where it transforms two crucial greenhouse gases into syngas (a mixture of CO and H 2 ) according to the following reaction: [6,7].…”

“…The syngas is a precious chemical building block for producing very important compounds via the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction [6,8]. Another technology for converting CH 4 into syngas is the steam reforming of methane (SRM) [9]; however, DRM has considerable merits compared to SRM [10].…”

“…In addition, biogas can be directly used as a feedstock for the DRM, and hence eschews the complication and high cost of separating CO 2 [1]. More importantly, DRM consumes two major greenhouse gases in a single step-consequently, it plays a vital role in reducing the harmful effects of these two gases [12]., Noble metals such as platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru) have the best ability to crack C-H bonds and the highest resistance to coke deposition [6,8,10]; nevertheless, the high cost of noble metals impedes their industrial application for the DRM process. Ni-based catalysts showed comparable catalytic activity towards the DRM reaction.…”