Recent Progress of Ru Single‐Atom Catalyst: Synthesis, Modification, and Energetic Applications

Chen, Wenhua; Yu, Min; Liu, Suli; Zhang, Chunmei; Jiang, Shaohua; Duan, Gaigai

doi:10.1002/adfm.202313307

Adv Funct Materials

2024

DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202313307

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Recent Progress of Ru Single‐Atom Catalyst: Synthesis, Modification, and Energetic Applications

Wenhua Chen,

Min Yu,

Suli Liu

et al.

Abstract: In recent years, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have become the most active part of the catalytic field due to their excellent catalytic activity. Among them, Ru SACs exhibit excellent performance in many catalytic applications due to their high atomic utilization efficiency, catalytic activity and selectivity, and relatively low cost. In order to understand the structure–performance relationship and potential catalytic mechanism of Ru SACs, this review summarizes the research progress of Ru SACs in the fields o… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications

References 157 publications

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A Hydrazine‒Water Galvanic Cell‐Inspired Self‐Powered High‐Rate Hydrogen Production via Overall Hydrazine Electrosplitting

Zhang,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2025

Adv Funct Materials

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Exploring advanced electrolysis techniques for attaining scene‐adaptive and on‐site green H2 production is an imperative matter of utmost practical significance but grand challenge remains. Herein, drawn inspiration from a spontaneous hydrazine‒H2O galvanic cell configured on a low‐valence Ru single atoms‐loaded Mo2C electrode (RuSA/v‐Mo2C), an alternative H2 energy solution utilizing self‐powered electrochemical hydrazine splitting (N2H4 → 2H2 + N2) instead of the stereotyped electricity‐consumed water splitting for green H2 production is proposed. This solution highlights a pH‐decoupled hydrazine‒H2O primary battery with notable open‐circuit voltage of 1.37 V and energy density up to 358 Wh gN2H4−1, which powerfully propels an alkaline hydrazine splitting cell, leading to bilateral H2 harvest with a remarkable rate of 18 mol h−1 m−2, i.e., 403.2 L h−1 m−2, setting a new record for the self‐sustaining electricity‐powered H2 production systems. The success of RuSA/v‐Mo2C for this solution is further decoded by tandem theoretical and in situ spectroscopic studies, cross‐verifying a Ru‒Mo dual‐site synergy in streamlining the overall energy barriers, thereby enhancing the kinetics of electrode reactions. This pioneering work, showcasing electrochemical H2 production free from both external energy and feedstock inputs, opens up a new horizon on way of the ultimate H2 energy solution.

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A Hydrazine‒Water Galvanic Cell‐Inspired Self‐Powered High‐Rate Hydrogen Production via Overall Hydrazine Electrosplitting

Zhang,

Li,

Sun

et al. 2025

Adv Funct Materials

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Ruthenium‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: from Nanoparticles to Single Atoms

Li,

Liu,

et al. 2024

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Benefiting from similar hydrogen bonding energy to Pt and much lower price compare with Pt, Ru based catalysts are promising candidates for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The catalytic activity of Ru nanoparticles can be enhanced through improving their dispersion by using different supports, and the strong metal supports interaction can further regulate their catalytic performance. In addition, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with almost 100% atomic utilization attract great attention and the coordinative atmosphere of single atoms can be adjusted by supports. Moreover, the syngenetic effects of nanoparticles and single atoms can further improve the catalytic performance of Ru based catalysts. In this review, the progress of Ru based HER electrocatalysts are summarized according to their existing forms, including nanoparticles (NPs), single atoms (SAs) and the combination of both NPs and SAs. The common supports such as carbon materials, metal oxides, metal phosphides and metal sulfides are classified to clarify the metal supports interaction and coordinative atmosphere of Ru active centers. Especially, the possible catalytic mechanisms and the reasons for the improved catalytic performance are discussed from both experimental results and theoretical calculations. Finally, some challenges and opportunities are prospected to facilitate the development of Ru based catalysts for HER.

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Modulating the Ruthenium‐Cobalt Active Pair with Moderate Spacing for Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation

Chen,

Liu,

et al. 2024

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Ruthenium (Ru)‐based catalysts have emerged as promising alternatives to Iridium (Ir) catalysts in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cells due to their lower price and excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. However, their stability is compromised by generation of unstable high‐valence Ru sites and oxygen vacancy in a lattice oxygen‐mediated (LOM) pathway. Here, a low‐load Ru site on a Barium (Ba)‐doped Co3O4 (RuBaxCo3–xO4) catalyst is developed with abundant Ruthenium─Cobalt (Ru─Co) pairs for enhanced acidic OER activity. The incorporation of Ba can efficiently modulate the lattice of Co3O4, creating Ru─Co active pairs with optimized spacing through compression stress. In situ characterizations exhibit contractive Ru─Co pairs that promote the rapid and direct coupling of *O─O* radicals, bypassing the sluggish *OOH species and avoiding the oxygen vacancies, which can trigger the oxide path mechanism (OPM) for an efficient and stable OER process. As a result, the designed catalyst delivers a low overpotential of 219 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and also demonstrates excellent stability, maintaining performance over 50 h of continuous operation at a larger current density of 50 mA cm−2. These findings highlight the potential of the RuBaxCo3‐xO4 catalysts for durable and efficient OER applications.

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Recent Progress of Ru Single‐Atom Catalyst: Synthesis, Modification, and Energetic Applications

Cited by 12 publications

References 157 publications

A Hydrazine‒Water Galvanic Cell‐Inspired Self‐Powered High‐Rate Hydrogen Production via Overall Hydrazine Electrosplitting

A Hydrazine‒Water Galvanic Cell‐Inspired Self‐Powered High‐Rate Hydrogen Production via Overall Hydrazine Electrosplitting

Ruthenium‐Based Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: from Nanoparticles to Single Atoms

Modulating the Ruthenium‐Cobalt Active Pair with Moderate Spacing for Enhanced Acidic Water Oxidation

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