Recent progress of the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Material and structure designs of microporous layer

Yang, Shuting; Zhou, Xiangyang; Li, Bing; Zhang, Cunman

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.10.185

Cited by 96 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In this section, we show that problem (38) can be translated to an equivalent deterministic problem, decomposed into two sub-problems. Then, we show convex modelling steps such that the problem can be solved by sequential convex programming.…”

Section: Optimization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2) Degradation Model: During the FC operation, a degradation takes place, the rate of which depends on internal conditions, such as temperature, pressure, membrane water content, etc. Membrane electrode assembly degradation, which is mainly due to the fading of catalyst layer [36], proton exchange membrane [37] and gas diffusion layer [38], is recognised as the main factor that influences performance and lifetime [39], [40], [41]. This kind of degradation is closely determined by the load profile that is often classified into 5 categories [22], [42], [43], including constant load current, current cycling, extra-low current, extra-high current and open-circuit voltage.…”

Section: Fuel Cell System 1) Hydrogen Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to translate the chance-constrained optimization problem (38) into a deterministic program. The constraint satisfaction with a selected probability γ ∈ (0, 1] can be seen as finding an upper bound, P max wh (γ), on the wheel power demand to make (39) hold, i.e.…”

Section: A Deterministic Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Joint Component Sizing and Energy Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Trucks

Xun

Murgovski

Liu

2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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Section: Optimization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Cell System 1) Hydrogen Consumption Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Joint Component Sizing and Energy Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Trucks

Xun

Murgovski

Liu

2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…Once mechanical fractures or breakages occur, the internal carbon fiber connections change correspondingly, resulting in changes in the thermal and electrical conductivity [10][11][12], porosity and permeability [13,14], and the current density of fuel cells [15]. Besides, it has been studied that the existence of cracks in the MPL is beneficial to the transport properties [16] but detrimental to the mechanical durability of PEMFCs [17]. In general, mechanical failures in GDLs, such as fractures or breakages of carbon fibers in the substrate and cracks in the MPL, greatly influence the overall performance and mechanical durability of fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer through a 3-D Nonlinear and Orthotropic Constitutive Model

Chen

Ke²,

Ying-song³

et al. 2021

Energies

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The mechanical loads that gas diffusion layers (GDLs) withstand in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks are sensitive to the assembly and working conditions. The mechanical properties of GDLs mostly depend on their composition materials, microstructural characteristics, operation conditions, etc. An accurate and comprehensive understanding of the mechanical performance of GDLs is significant for predicting the stress distribution and improving the assembly technology of PEMFC stacks. This study presented a novel 3-D nonlinear and orthotropic constitutive model of a carbon paper GDL to represent the material stiffness matrix with its compressive, tensile, and shear properties. Numerical simulations were performed based on the 3-D constitutive model, and the proposed 3-D model was validated against the experimental data reported previously. It is found that the simulation results of the 3-D constitutive model show a good agreement with the experimental results. Besides, the novel 3-D nonlinear and orthotropic model was applied in the overall stress simulation of a simplified PEMFC unit cell, compared to a conventional 3-D linear and isotropic model, and the simulation results of the two models show a significant difference.

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“…In addition, the GDLs provide a passage to remove the generated water and heat, and as such, affect the performance and durability of the electrode. 9,10 Consequently, they need to be designed with high gas permeability, electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, and thermal stability. They are coated with hydrophobic polymer PTFE to control their physical properties, and a microporous layer (MPL) is added to facilitate water management.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical behavior and compression force analysis for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different reaction areas

Choi

2021

Intl J of Energy Research

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Changes in the specific performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at different reaction areas (25 and 50 cm 2 ) were examined using the parameters of clamping load, pressure distribution, and resistance. The 50 cm 2 cell received less internal compression pressure (CP) with a more uneven pressure distribution than the 25 cm 2 cell when the same bolt torques were used. The clamping force for the 50 cm 2 cell did not fully reach the central area; however, the force for the 25 cm 2 cell reached the center and overlapped. This was confirmed by multidimensional compression mapping analysis. The different compressed geometric shapes were due to the difference in the unit area for each bolt. This study provides detailed reasons for the observed correlation between performance, CP, and cell scale. This study also provides key information regarding the design of large-scale cells for industrial PEMFC applications. Highlights• Performance of two different PEMFC cells areas (25 and 50 cm 2 ) were compared.• Examined parameters were clamping load, pressure distribution, and resistance.• Bolt torques were varied and different power densities were obtained.• Results can provide key information for the preparation of large-scale PEMFC stacks.

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Recent progress of the gas diffusion layer in proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Material and structure designs of microporous layer

Cited by 96 publications

References 133 publications

Joint Component Sizing and Energy Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Trucks

Joint Component Sizing and Energy Management for Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Trucks

Investigation on Mechanical Properties of a Carbon Paper Gas Diffusion Layer through a 3-D Nonlinear and Orthotropic Constitutive Model

Electrochemical behavior and compression force analysis for proton exchange membrane fuel cells with different reaction areas

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