Recent Progress on Cellulose‐Based Ionic Compounds for Biomaterials

Abstract

Cellulose and hemicelluloses represent the most abundant biomaterials on the Earth and represent major structural components in cell walls of plant that provide them with sufficient mechanical Glycans play important roles in all major kingdoms of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide on the Earth, plays a predominant role for mechanical stability in plants, and finds a plethora of applications by humans. Beyond traditional use, biomedical application of cellulose becomes feasible with advances of soluble cellulose derivatives with diverse functional moieties along the backbone and modified nanocellulose with versatile functional groups on the surface due to the native features of cellulose as both cellulose chains and supramolecular ordered domains as extractable nanocellulose. With the focus on ionic cellulose-based compounds involving both these groups primarily for biomedical applications, a brief introduction about glycoscience and especially native biologically active glycosaminoglycans with specific biomedical application areas on humans is given, which inspires further development of bioactive compounds from glycans. Then, both polymeric cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose-based compounds synthesized as versatile biomaterials for a large variety of biomedical applications, such as for wound dressings, controlled release, encapsulation of cells and enzymes, and tissue engineering, are separately described, regarding the diverse routes of synthesis and the established and suggested applications for these highly interesting materials.

Delignified Wood from Understanding the Hierarchically Aligned Cellulosic Structures to Creating Novel Functional Materials: A Review

“…[ 21–33 ] Yang et al. [ 34 ] recently published a review on ionic cellulose‐based compounds with diverse functional moieties either along the cellulose chains or on the surface of nanocellulose for biomedical applications. Research on bioinspired and biomimetic wood‐based nanotechnologies has mainly focused on harnessing hierarchical or naturally aligned cellulose for functional materials fabrication.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Oxidized Polysaccharides for In Situ Forming Hydrogels

“…Such products can be based on synthetic materials such as derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) combined with oligopeptides resembling motifs for cell surface receptors [4]. Another option is based on engineered or naturally occurring polymers, such as elastin peptides [5], fibronectin [6], silk proteins [7], and polysaccharides [8,9] as bioactive materials for making surface coatings or 3D scaffolds and hydrogels.…”

Viscoelasticity and Solution Stability of Cyanoethylcellulose with Different Molecular Weights in Aqueous Solution

“…Cellulose ethers (CEs), one of the most important cellulose derivatives, are produced by the reaction of cellulose with an etherification agent in the presence of aqueous NaOH. For more than 60 years, CEs have been widely used in biology, pharmaceutics, food, cosmetic, and paint industries [ 7 , 8 ]. However, most commercially cellulose ethers are usually followed heterogeneously by a slurry process, which yields statistically functionalized polymers.…”