Stretchable electronics based on
nanomaterials has received much
interest recently. However, it is challenging to print 1D nanomaterials
(e.g., nanowires) with high resolution on stretchable elastomeric
substrates. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has been used to print
1D nanomaterials such as silver nanowires (AgNWs) on stretchable substrates,
but the resolution and electric conductivity of the printed patterns
are typically low because of the poor wettability of the ink on the
surface of the substrates. This paper reports a systematic study of
two surface modification methods, UV–ozone treatment and dopamine
coating, to modify the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which
enables reliable and tunable EHD printing of AgNWs. The dynamic contact
angle and the contact angle hysteresis were systematically studied
to understand and evaluate the two surface modification methods. This
work further investigates the hydrophobic stability of the two surface
modification methods that is of critical relevance to the EHD printing,
as it determines the shelf life of the treated samples. The effects
of treatment dose and aging on the EHD printing performances, such
as resolution and conductivity, were studied to find the feasible
ranges of the parameters for the surface treatment and printing process.
The surface modification methods along with the proper printing conditions
can be selected to tailor and optimize the printing performance. A
wearable electronic patch with a fractal pattern of AgNWs is printed
on the modified PDMS substrate to demonstrate the potential of the
reported surface modification for reliable EHD printing of AgNWs for
stretchable devices.