Recent progress on mesoporous carbon materials used in electrochemical catalysis

Correlation of Mesophase Properties with Molecular Structures of Pitches from Different Sources

“…High-performance carbon materials and their composites are widely used as structural and semiconducting materials in fields such as chemical instrumentation, electrochemistry, nuclear energy, and mechanical engineering. − The demand and quality requirements for mesophase pitch as a carbon material precursor are constantly increasing with the rapid development of the carbon material production industry. , Mesophase molecules are highly condensed polycyclic aromatic molecules that can be produced from nonvolatile residues of pitch. , …”

Synergizing Amino Tethering and Carbon Shell Confinement Enables Confinement Synthesis of PtCo Intermetallic Catalysts for Highly Durable Fuel Cells

“…Moreover, the lower affinity between ordered sites and OH intermediates effectively enhances the stability of catalysts than disordered structures . However, the formation of intermetallic compounds usually requires overcoming the energy barrier of disorder to order phase transition by high-temperature annealing (>500 °C), leading to the Ostwald ripening process of catalysts that inevitably reduces catalytic efficiency due to the loss of active sites. − Recently, some progress has been made in the HTCS of Pt-based catalysts. ,,,− Heteroatoms/small molecule-assisted synthesis strategies effectively inhibit the sintering of catalyst particles due to their strong anchoring effect, promoting the HTCS of ultrafine intermetallic compounds, such as S, NH 2 , and C 2 H 3 NaO 2 S. ,, Many effective strategies are also developed for the HTCS of catalysts. ,− The physical confinement effectively inhibits the sintering behavior of catalysts into larger nanoparticles. ,, Noncarbon encapsulation shells significantly prevent the aggregation of nanoparticles to downsize catalysts, while the concern is the complete removal of protective layers, and the leaving surface residues easily cause the reduction of active sites, reducing the catalytic efficiency. ,, Mesoporous structures effectively prevent the migration and aggregation of metal atoms, while the high requirement of mesoporous carbon architectures hinders the development of efficient catalysts to some extent. ,, Despite the enhanced electronic and catalytic properties for intermetallic compounds being achieved due to the quantum size effect, complex and cumbersome synthesis processes for these synthetic methods drive us to further optimize and enrich the strategies for the HTCS of catalysts . Moreover, these methods largely ignore the rational design of the metal–support interaction.…”

“…22,23,28 Mesoporous structures effectively prevent the migration and aggregation of metal atoms, while the high requirement of mesoporous carbon architectures hinders the development of efficient catalysts to some extent. 9,27,29 Despite the enhanced electronic and catalytic properties for intermetallic compounds being achieved due to the quantum size effect, complex and cumbersome synthesis processes for these synthetic methods drive us to further optimize and enrich the strategies for the HTCS of catalysts. 25 Moreover, these methods largely ignore the rational design of the metal−support interaction.…”