Recent research challenges in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A review

Vymazal, Jan; Zhao, Yaqian; Mander, Ülo

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2021.106318

Cited by 182 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…The pollution removal efficiency of CWs for wastewater treatment relies on microbial-mediated processes, such as the transformation and mineralization of organic matter and/or the degradation of pollutants [34]. Studies suggested that CWs were able to remove organics, total carbon, and nutrients effectively (e.g., fecal indicator bacteria removal ranged from 97% to 99%, such as coliforms and Escherichia coli) [35] but also biological contaminants, metals, or emergent pollutants by more than 85% [36]. In these processes, pollutant removal is reached through a combination of physical, chemical, and biological dynamics and efficiency indicators in which all the elements of CWs (plants, microorganisms, and substrates) can have a significant influence [37], including a positive effect on greenhouse gas emissions reduction [38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Ricart

Amorós

2021

Water

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Treated wastewater is constantly produced and relatively unaffected by climatic conditions, while Constructed Wetlands (CWs) are recognized as green technology and a cost-effective alternative to improve treated wastewater quality standards. This paper analyses how farmers consider (1) treated wastewater to face water scarcity risk and (2) CW as mechanisms to face agricultural water pollution in a climate change adaptation context. A survey about climate change perception and adaptation measures was answered by 177 farmers from two irrigation communities near El Hondo coastal wetland and the Santa Pola saltmarshes, both perceived as natural-constructed systems in Alicante, southern Spain. Results highlighted how, even with poor-quality standards, treated wastewater is considered a non-riskier measure and more reliable option when addressing climate change impacts. Overall, physical water harvesting (such as CWs) is the favorite choice when investing in water technologies, being perceived as the best option for users of treated wastewater and those concerned about water quality standards. Consequently, CWs were recognized as mechanisms to increase water supply and reduce water pollution. Policy-makers and water managers can use these learnings from farmers’ experience to identify the main barriers and benefits of using treated wastewater and CWs to address water scarcity and water pollution risks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Ricart

Amorós

2021

Water

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“…As Table 1 shows, treatment areas for CW varied greatly, mainly due to differences in implementation scale (full real scale, pilot plants, lab scale). The reported depths of CW were the usual ones, around 1 m for VSSF, around 0.6 m for HSSF and shallow depths for PL (Torrens et al, 2020;Vymazal et al, 2021). The plants used were the most common ones for CW: Phragmites, Typha, Cyperus (Vymazal, 2013), except for some specific native plants and Geranium.…”

Section: Design and Operational Featuresmentioning

confidence: 90%

Nature-based solutions coupled with advanced technologies: An opportunity for decentralized water reuse in cities

Castellar

Torrens

Buttiglieri

et al. 2022

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…Unfortunately, the technology has not spread significantly in Africa, where there is great potential for this technology. At the beginning of the 21st century, research on the wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands focused on the various design and operation aspects that can lead to the enhanced removal of pollutants [122,123]:…”

Section: Constructed Wetlands For Wastewater Treatment In the 21st Centurymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

Vymazal

2022

Land

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Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment are engineered systems that are designed and operated in order to use all natural processes involved in the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. CWs are designed to take advantage of many of the same processes that occur in natural wetlands, but do so within a more controlled environment. The basic classification is based on the presence/absence of wastewater on the wetland surface. The subsurface flow of CWs can be classified according to the direction of the flow to horizontal and vertical. The combination of various types of CWs is called hybrid CW. The CWs technology began in the 1950s in Germany, but the major extension across the world occurred during the 1990s and early 2000s. The early CWs in Germany were designed as hybrid CWs; however, during the 1970s and 1980s, horizontal subsurface flow CWs were mostly designed. The stricter limits for nitrogen, and especially ammonia, applied in Europe during the 1990s, brought more attention to vertical subsurface flow and hybrid systems. Constructed wetlands have been used to treat various types of wastewater, including sewage, industrial and agricultural wastewaters, various drainage and runoff waters and landfill leachate. Recently, more attention has also been paid to constructed treatment wetlands as part of a circular economy in the urban environments: it is clear that CWs are a good fit for the new concept of sponge cities.

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Recent research challenges in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A review

Cited by 182 publications

References 150 publications

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Constructed Wetlands to Face Water Scarcity and Water Pollution Risks: Learning from Farmers’ Perception in Alicante, Spain

Nature-based solutions coupled with advanced technologies: An opportunity for decentralized water reuse in cities

The Historical Development of Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment

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