Recent research progress in the synthesis, properties and applications of ferrocene‐based derivatives and polymers with azobenzene

Abstract

Aromatic azobenzene derivatives are outstanding organic photochromic compounds that possess unique photochemical properties. These compounds are widely used in research and development for various applications, especially in information storage, owing to their ability to isomerize between cis (Z) and trans (E) forms under the influence of light of different wavelengths. On account of these advantages, many efforts have been made to generalize the use of azobenzene derivatives. Furthermore, ferrocene-based polymers and derivatives are promising candidates for functional materials due to their unique redox properties. By interlinking ferrocene with azobenzene, novel functional materials can be obtained that will integrate the excellent properties of both and will provide new applications in various fields including information storage, ion recognition, molecular devices, etc. This article provides an overview of the synthesis, properties and applications of novel ferrocene-based polymers and derivatives containing azobenzene units.

Ferrocene‐Grafted Photochromic Triads Based on a Sterically Hindered Ethene Bridge: Redox‐Switchable Fluorescence and Gated Photochromism

“…In the triad system, the grafted ferrocene unit is expected to behave as electron donor, along with its outstanding reversible redox properties and versatile chemical modification . Indeed, upon replacing butyl group with ferrocene unit, the fluorescence of both conformers p‐Fc and ap‐Fc is totally quenched (Figure S1b, Supporting Information).…”

“…Generally, the incorporation of reversible redox metals has a significant effect on photoswitching properties . Thus, we rationally designed a photoswitchable triad system (Scheme b) consisting of three functional components: (i) The core building block is the sterically hindered benzobis(thiadiazole) center bridge with bulky benzothiophene, serving as a photoswitchable linker; (ii) Naphthalimide chromophore is chosen as an electron acceptor as well as fluorescence emitter with its high fluorescent quantum yields ( Φ f ); and (iii) Ferrocene unit acts as electron donor for its outstanding reversible redox properties and versatile chemical modification . As redox‐active terminals, the two ferrocene units are grafted onto the imide head of naphthalimide chromophore via σ bonds, thus composing a typical donor–spacer–acceptor photoinduced electron transfer (PET) system .…”

Triple-decker sandwich complexes with a bent cyclo-P5 middle-deck

“…The small WBI of the P2-P3 and P4-P5 distances (0.22 each) also reflect the P 2 /P 3 separation of the former P 5 ring. Compared to the Cr-Fe bond length in [CpFe(CO) 2 Cr(CO) 3 Cp] (2.901(1) Å) 37 or in [(CpCr)(CpFe)(Z 4:4 -oct)] (oct = cyclooctatetraene), (2.7261(8) Å), 38 the metal-metal bond in 5 is shortened. The WBI for the Cr-Fe bond equals 0.47, which is considerably larger in comparison to the M-M WBI of the previously discussed triple-decker compounds 2a-3 (0.12-0.13).…”

Analysis of methyldopa in the presence of phenylephrine using electrocatalytic effect of a ferrocene derivative at a surface of feather like La3+/ZnO nano‐flowers modified carbon paste electrode

“…Carbon paste electrode (CPE) is a heterogeneous carbon electrode having carbon powder and a proper water‐immiscible and non‐conducting binder, which has various types such as chemically modified carbon‐paste electrodes (CMCPEs) owing to their unique applications, including electroanalysis because of their capability in catalyzing the reduction–oxidation reactions through enhancing the electron transfer. The CMCPEs are cost‐effective with various benefits like low background current, excessive potential applications in either cathodic or anodic region, simple production, rapid surface renewal and modification compatibility with different modifiers …”

“…Ferrocene (Fc) and its derivatives are also widely used as dye pigments, high burning rate catalysts, and analytical applications, particularly electron transfer in electrochemical sensors …”