Recent Review of Titania-Clay-Based Composites Emerging as Advanced Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Degradation of Dyes over the Last Decade

Abstract

Textile industry being one of the most flourishing industries keeps growing and developing every year, and the consequences are not very pleasant. Even though its contribution towards economy of a country is indisputable, there are many pros and cons associated with it that should not be brushed aside, one of them being textile dye waste which is also growing at alarming rate. Many techniques have been designed to deal with this environmental crisis including adsorption and photodegradation of dye waste by various substances, both natural and synthetic. TiO2 and clay both have gained immense popularity in this area. Over the last decade, many successful attempts have been made to design TiO2-clay-based composites to combine and make the most of their individual capabilities to degrade textile dye waste. While clay is an effective adsorbent, inexpensive, innocuous, and a great ion exchanger, TiO2 provides supplementary active sites and free radicals and speeds up the degradation rate of dyes. This review summarizes various features of TiO2-clay-based composites including their surface characteristics, their role as dye adsorbents and photocatalysts, challenges in their implementation, and modifications to overcome these challenges made over the last decade.

Enhancement of Dye Separation Performance of Eco-Friendly Cellulose Acetate-Based Membranes

“…Consequently, they affect the photosynthetic ability of the flora, causing harm to aquatic life [7,8]. In addition, they are hardly removed from water bodies due to their high stability and water solubility [9][10][11]. As a result of the current water depletion situation, the available water sources need to be protected [12].…”

Novel In Situ Fabrication of Fe-Doped Zinc Oxide/Tin Sulfide Heterostructures for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

“…Te discharge of efuents from various sources, including cement, jute, oil refneries, leather, paint, agroprocessing, and textile industries, has resulted in substantial contamination of fresh water [1]. Organic dyes, such as methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), Congo red, acid orange (AO), and rhodamine B (RhB), are typical pollutants released by these industries that pose a serious threat to freshwater ecosystems and human communities [2,3]. Consequently, considerable eforts have been directed towards the removal of these organic pigments from freshwater bodies.…”

Retracted: Recent Review of Titania-Clay-Based Composites Emerging as Advanced Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Degradation of Dyes over the Last Decade

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process:…”

“…This article has been retracted by Hindawi following an investigation undertaken by the publisher [1]. This investigation has uncovered evidence of one or more of the following indicators of systematic manipulation of the publication process: Discrepancies in scope Discrepancies in the description of the research reported Discrepancies between the availability of data and the research described Inappropriate citations Incoherent, meaningless and/or irrelevant content included in the article Peer-review manipulation …”