Recent Seismic Studies at the East Pacific Rise 8°20'–10°10'N and Endeavour Segment: Insights into Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal and Magmatic Processes

Carbotte, S. M.; Canales, J. P.; Nedimović, M. R.; Carton, H. D.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2012.08

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…At 2–3 km bsf, a pronounced low‐velocity zone that correlates with the AMC reflector underlies all of the vent fields aside from Mothra, the southernmost field. We note that the width of the midcrustal low‐velocity anomaly, at 3 km bsf in Figures b–d, varies between 1 and 2 km in width and is thus greater than the width of the overlying AMC reflector (0.4–1.2 km) [ Van Ark et al ., ; Carbotte et al ., , ]. Resolution tests indicate that at these depths we can resolve features approximately 1–1.5 km in width (see supporting information), suggesting that a broader low‐velocity zone likely underlies the AMC reflector.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…A prominent low‐velocity anomaly lies 5 km to the north of the Sasquatch vent field, centered at 2 km bsf in a region of enhanced seismicity (Figures and S11). No reflector corresponding to this low‐velocity anomaly was detected in a 2002 MCS study [ Van Ark et al ., ; Carbotte et al ., , ]. Low‐velocity anomalies also underlie Mothra at 1–2 km bsf and extend to the south of the vent fields.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic evidence that black smoker heat flux is influenced by localized magma replenishment and associated increases in crustal permeability

Arnoux

Toomey

Hooft

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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Hydrothermal circulation at mid‐ocean ridges is responsible for ~25% of Earth's heat flux and controls the thermal and chemical evolution of young oceanic crust. The heat flux of black smoker hydrothermal systems is thought to be primarily controlled by localized magma supply and crustal permeability. Nevertheless, magma chamber characteristics and the nature of crustal permeability beneath such systems remain unclear. Here we apply three‐dimensional full‐waveform inversion to seismic data from the hydrothermally active Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge to image the upper crust in high resolution. We resolve velocity variations directly above the axial magma chamber that correlate with variations in seismicity, black smoker heat flux, and the depth of the axial magmatic system. We conclude that localized magma recharge to the axial magma lens, along with induced seismogenic cracking and increased permeability, influences black smoker heat flux.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic evidence that black smoker heat flux is influenced by localized magma replenishment and associated increases in crustal permeability

Arnoux

Toomey

Hooft

et al. 2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…volatile content (e.g., Helo et al, 2011) that produces small explosive deposits (e.g., Sohn et al, 2008;Clague et al, 2009 (Sinton and Detrick, 1992;Perfit and Chadwick, 1998;Singh et al, 1998). Lenticular magma bodies are persistent in time and are spatially more continuous at faster spreading rates (e.g., Harding et al, 1993;Canales et al, 2006;Carbotte et al, 2012, in this issue), whereas at slow spreading rates, such chambers are rarely detected and are assumed to be ephemeral and laterally restricted (e.g., Singh et al, 2006). The depth of shallowest magma accumulation in the MOR crust and regional average calculated eruption temperature are strongly correlated, such that high magma supply (e.g., higher spreading rate) generally promotes eruption of cooler and more degassed magmas from shallower crustal chambers, and lower supply promotes accumulation of hotter and gassier magma bodies at progressively greater depths .…”

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Rubin¹,

Soule²,

Chadwick³

et al. 2012

oceanog

110

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Studies of ongoing or recent deep submarine eruptions reveal information about their sizes, durations, frequencies, styles, and environmental impacts. Ultimately, magma formation and accumulation in the upper mantle and crust, plus local tectonic stress fields, dictate when, where, and how often submarine eruptions occur, whereas eruption depth, magma composition, conditions of volatile segregation, and tectonic setting determine submarine eruption style.

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“…Understanding how mass and energy are transferred within a ridge segment requires mapping mantle and crustal magmatic systems and their relationship to hydrothermal and tectonic processes. Maps of the three‐dimensional seismic structure can constrain the size, shape, and location of magma reservoirs, the connections between magmatic and hydrothermal processes, and be used to infer the thermal structure (Carbotte et al, , ; Detrick et al, ; Dunn et al, , ; Kent et al, , ; Seher et al, ; West et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Imaging and Physical Properties of the Endeavour Segment: Evidence that Skew Between Mantle and Crustal Magmatic Systems Governs Spreading Center Processes

Arnoux

Toomey

Hooft

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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We invert Pg, PmP, and Pn traveltimes from an active‐source, multiscale tomography experiment to constrain the three‐dimensional isotropic and anisotropic P wave velocity structure of the topmost oceanic mantle and crust and crustal thickness variations beneath the entire Endeavour segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. The isotropic velocity structure is characterized by a semicontinuous, narrow (5‐km‐wide) crustal low‐velocity volume that tracks the sinuous ridge axis. Across the Moho, the low‐velocity volume abruptly broadens to approximately 20 km in width and displays a north‐south linear trend that connects the two overlapping spreading centers bounding the segment. From the seismic results, we estimate the thermal structure and melt distribution beneath the Endeavour segment. The thermal structure indicates that the observed skew, or lateral offset, between the crustal and mantle magmatic systems is a consequence of differences in mechanisms of heat transfer at crustal and mantle depths, with the crust and mantle dominated by advection and conduction, respectively. Melt volume estimates exhibit significant along‐axis variations that coincide with the observed skew between the mantle and crustal magmatic systems, with sites of enhanced crustal melt volumes and vigorous hydrothermal activity corresponding to regions where the mantle and crustal magmatic systems are vertically aligned. These results contradict models of ridge segmentation that predict enhanced and reduced melt supply beneath the segment center and ends, respectively. Our results instead support a model in which segment‐scale skew between the crustal and mantle magmatic systems governs magmatic and hydrothermal processes at mid‐ocean ridges.

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Recent Seismic Studies at the East Pacific Rise 8°20'–10°10'N and Endeavour Segment: Insights into Mid-Ocean Ridge Hydrothermal and Magmatic Processes

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Seismic evidence that black smoker heat flux is influenced by localized magma replenishment and associated increases in crustal permeability

Seismic evidence that black smoker heat flux is influenced by localized magma replenishment and associated increases in crustal permeability

Volcanic Eruptions in the Deep Sea

Seismic Imaging and Physical Properties of the Endeavour Segment: Evidence that Skew Between Mantle and Crustal Magmatic Systems Governs Spreading Center Processes

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