Recent spread and potential pathways for fire blight in South Korea

Lee, Hyun Jik; Lee, Seon-Woo; Suh, Soo‐Jung; Hyun, Ik-Hwa

doi:10.1111/epp.12835

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Fire blight, a highly destructive bacterial disease, can cause significant damage to economically important crops such as apples (Malus domestica) and pears (Pyrus pyrifolia) (Lee et al 2022). Since its first reported occurrence in Korea in 2015 (Park et al 2017), the disease has rapidly spread to other orchards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its first reported occurrence in Korea in 2015 (Park et al 2017), the disease has rapidly spread to other orchards. Consequently, there were 744 orchards infected with fire blight in 2020 (Lee et 2022). Researchers have increasingly focused on biological control methods for managing plant diseases due to their eco-friendliness and potential as alternatives to synthetic pesticides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of a multifunctional biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 for the management of apple fire blight

Nguyen,

Park,

Van Le

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Apple fire blight, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora, is a devastating disease of apple and pear trees. Biological control methods have attracted much attention from researchers to manage plant diseases as they are eco-friendly and viable alternatives to synthetic pesticides. Herein, we isolated Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 from the root of pepper and investigated its mechanisms of action against E. amylovora. Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 produced aureothricin and thiolutin, which antagonistically affect E. amylovora. JCK-8055 and its two active metabolites have a broad-spectrum in vitro activity against various phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. They also effectively suppressed tomato bacterial wilt and apple fire blight in in vivo experiments. Interestingly, JCK-8055 colonizes roots as a tomato seed coating and induces apple leaf shedding at the abscission zone, ultimately halting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, JCK-8055 can produce the plant growth regulation hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and hydrolytic enzymes, including protease, gelatinase, and cellulase. JCK-8055 treatment also triggered the expression of salicylate (SA) and jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway marker genes, such as PR1, PR2, and PR3. Overall, our findings demonstrate that Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 can control a wide range of plant diseases, particularly apple fire blight, through a combination of mechanisms such as antibiosis and induced resistance, highlighting its excellent potential as a biocontrol agent. Key points• JCK-8055 produces the systemic antimicrobial metabolites, aureothricin, and thiolutin.• JCK-8055 treatment upregulates PR gene expression in apple plants against E. amylovora.• JCK-8055 controls plant diseases with antibiotics and induced resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of a multifunctional biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 for the management of apple fire blight

Nguyen,

Park,

Van Le

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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“…Fire blight is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora . It was first detected in 2015 ( Myung et al, 2016 ; Park et al, 2016 ) and has since spread to 28 cities/districts in Republic of Korea in 2022, making it the most destructive disease in pome fruits, including apple and pear trees in Republic of Korea ( Ham et al, 2020a , b ; Choi et al, 2022 ; Jik Lee et al, 2022 ). Thus, chemical control strategy based on copper compounds and agricultural antibiotics was primarily adopted as a management technique against continual fire blight situation in Republic of Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and viable but non-culturable state induced by streptomycin in Erwinia amylovora

Kim,

Choi,

Park

2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Persister cell and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state of bacteria are survival strategies against antibiotics and various environmental stresses, respectively, but they tend to be ignored in agriculture fields, even though bacteria can regain their abilities to survive and produce disease once those stresses disappear. This study was carried out to determine whether persister cell and VBNC state in Erwinia amylovora are present after exposures to streptomycin, the length of their persistence, and the steps needed to decrease the inoculum. Persister cells were observed using biphasic killed growth curve for 4–8 h when the late stationary phase cells of E. amylovora were cultured in liquid medium containing streptomycin. This state was maintained for up to 12 h based on the colony forming units (CFUs) of the colonies that grew on the mannitol glutamate yeast extract (MGY) medium after streptomycin was removed. The CFUs on the MGY medium were lower than the total count determined using the LIVE/DEAD Kit, suggesting that persister cells and VBNC state might co-exist for up to 12 h after exposure to streptomycin. However, after 12 h, E. amylovora cells did not continue to grow on the medium for 9 days, suggesting that they entered a VBNC state at that time and remained in a persistent state. In addition, based on the Redox Sensor Green staining method, the presence of both states was confirmed for up to 12 h, and only then did the VBNC state became apparent. Furthermore, persister cells were observed for up to 24 h, and damaged cells reduced when E. amylovora cells were culture in distilled water with streptomycin, indicating that the uptake of lower nutrients in E. amylovora led to prolonged persister cells and VBNC state, which are more likely to survive after streptomycin treatments. The addition of sucrose and oxytetracycline to distilled water containing streptomycin reduced persister cells than other sources did. Thus, to inhibit the spread of fire blight, management techniques must consider the hazards of using streptomycin treatments that induce dormancy, such as persister cells and VBNC state, beyond the development of resistant strain.

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“…In Korea, it was first reported from a pear orchard in Anseong in 2015 ( Park et al, 2016 ). Since 2015, when fire blight was first reported from 47 orchards, the infected areas have expanded, and the number of orchards affected by the disease has constantly increased ( Lee et al, 2022 ). In particular, the disease affected 774 more orchards in 2020 owing to unusual weather conditions, including frequent rainfall and high humidity and temperature, in the spring and the negligence of workers ( Lee et al, 2022 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacteriophage Cocktail Comprising Fifi044 and Fifi318 for Biocontrol of Erwinia amylovora

Kim,

Lee,

Park

et al. 2024

Plant Pathol J

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Erwinia amylovora is a plant pathogen that causes fire blight on apples and pears. Bacteriophages, which are viruses that selectively infect specific species of bacteria and are harmless to animal cells, have been considered as biological control agents for the prevention of bacterial pathogens. In this study, we aimed to use bacteriophages that infect E. amylovora as biocontrol agents against fire blight. We isolated bacteriophages Fifi044 and Fifi318 infecting E. amylovora, and characterized their morphology, plaque form, and genetic diversity to use as cocktails for disease control. The stabilities of the two phages were investigated at various temperatures and pH values and under sunlight, and long-term storage experiment was conducted for a year. To evaluate whether the two phages were suitable for use in cocktail form, growth curves of E. amylovora were prepared after treating the bacterial cells with single phages and a phage cocktail. In addition, a disease control test was conducted using immature apples and in vitro cultured apple plantlets to determine the biocontrol effects of the phage cocktail. The two phages were morphologically and genetically different, and highly stable up to 50°C and pH value from 4 to 10. The phages showed synergistic effect when used as a cocktail in the inhibition of host bacterial growth and the disease control. This study demonstrated that the potential of the phage cocktail as a biocontrol agent for commercial use.

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Recent spread and potential pathways for fire blight in South Korea

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Exploration of a multifunctional biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 for the management of apple fire blight

Exploration of a multifunctional biocontrol agent Streptomyces sp. JCK-8055 for the management of apple fire blight

Persistence and viable but non-culturable state induced by streptomycin in Erwinia amylovora

Bacteriophage Cocktail Comprising Fifi044 and Fifi318 for Biocontrol of Erwinia amylovora

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