Recent status of organohalogens, heavy metals and PAHs pollution in specific locations in India

Subramanian, Annamalai; Kunisue, Tatsuya; Tanabe, Shinsuke

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.06.065

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It could be noted that all the metals in experimental soils are present in potentially non-mobile phases and, therefore, these elements can be considered to be the less readily mobilized and bioavailable elements in urban soil. A similar observation was reported by Subramanian et al (2015). 45 when metals were analyzed in street dusts in India.…”

Section: Distribution Pattern and Risk Assessment Code (Rac) Of Heavysupporting

confidence: 69%

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nfluence of Metals In Soil on The Comparative Phyto chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Study of Indian Golden Shower (Cassia Fistula)

Das¹,

Dang²,

Sutar³

et al. 2016

IJPER

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Objective: This paper highlighted the effect of selected soil containing metals, viz. Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn on the biochemical compositions and antioxidant activity in leaf of 20 years old two Cassia fistula L. (CF) cultivars. The leaf samples were collected from CF grown on road sides from the states of Maharashtra and Karnataka in India. Methods: Antioxidant activity and total phenol contents from methanolic and aqueous leaf extract were evaluated by assays like oxygen radical absorbance capacities (ORAC), 2, 2 / -Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and folin-ciocalteu reagent methods respectively. Maximum dose dependent antioxidant activity was observed in methanol leaf extract of both the cultivars, but marginal variation observed in antioxidant activity. Results: The result revealed that total phenolic content was maximum in the methanolic leaf extract (11.40 ± 0.37 mg g −1 of gallic acid equivalent). A positive correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenol compounds was noticed from both the samples. Furthermore a significant correlation was observed between element contents and antioxidant activities. Conclusion: This was may be due to elements like Fe, Cu, and Zn for accumulation of secondary constituents in the methanolic leaf extract that are major contributors to the antioxidant potential of CF. There were no other heavy metals (Ni, Cd, Pb and Cr) reported in both the samples.

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Section: Distribution Pattern and Risk Assessment Code (Rac) Of Heavysupporting

confidence: 69%

“…A similar observation was reported by Subramanian et al (2015). 45 when metals were analyzed in street dusts in India. The studied soils contained low organic carbon that could increase the metal availability due formation of free metal ion without complexion.…”

Section: Distribution Pattern and Risk Assessment Code (Rac) Of Heavysupporting

confidence: 69%

nfluence of Metals In Soil on The Comparative Phyto chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Study of Indian Golden Shower (Cassia Fistula)

Das¹,

Dang²,

Sutar³

et al. 2016

IJPER

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“…However, antibiotics are so poorly absorbed in the digestive tracts that about 50 to 80 % of the dose is directly excreted through faeces and urine in the form of parent compounds (Sarmah et al 2006). As a consequence, antibiotic compounds are indirectly released into the environment with the application of manures and sewage sludge as fertilizers or by irrigation with recycled wastewater containing frequently detected antibiotics, usually accompanied by varying levels of organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or heavy metals (Wang et al 2014;Subramanian et al 2015) due to the development of an agrarian economy (Martínez-Carballo et al 2007;Radjenović et al 2009;Leung et al 2015;Thuy and Nguyen 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of OTC to Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. and to microorganisms in a long-term sewage-irrigated farmland soil

Chen

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatic Forsk.) was selected to investigate the effects of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the toxicity of soil contaminated by long-term sewage irrigation. After acute toxicity test in petri dish at nine different OTC-spiked levels for 48 h, the germination rate was found to be generally inhibited in all treatments treated with OTC but the root elongation and activities of several antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were either forward or backward stimulated to varying extent. During a 60-day sub-chronic toxicity test by means of a pot experiment, activities of SOD, POD and CAT in both the leaf and root tissue at 25 mg OTC per kg soil (dry weight) and in root tissue at 1 mg OTC per kg soil (dry weight) were significantly different than those in other treatments, which also indicated the higher sensitivity of the root. The foliar photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were all gradually inhibited in spite of elevated water use efficiency under the pressure of the different OTC concentrations, which were highly significant different at 10 mg OTC per kg soil (dry weight). Indices of soil microbial diversity at 4 mg OTC kg −1 soil were significantly different from those of the control, indicating the potential adverse effects of OTC to soil microorganisms. The results suggest that the introduction of OTC could damage both plants and soil microorganisms, and during sub-chronic incubation, the sensitivity of different indices generally followed the order of root tissue antioxidant enzyme activities, soil microbial diversity indices, leaf photosynthesis-related index and leaf tissue enzyme antioxidant activities. In addition, the application of livestock and poultry manure containing pollutants like OTC in farmland soil, especially if the soil has been contaminated before, should be taken more seriously in the context of the current pursuit of increased agricultural production.

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“…Cigarette smoke has a complex chemical composition and contains numerous toxic chemicals and carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (IARC 1987(IARC , 2010. PAHs have been measured in various environments because they are produced primarily as a result of incomplete combustion from anthropogenic sources such as cars, incinerators, and factories (Liu et al 2015;Nam et al 2008;Obrist et al 2015;Subramanian et al 2015). Benzo [a]pyrene is a PAH that has been classified as a Group 1 carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (IARC 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke

Shimazu¹

2016

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The present study examines the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarettes and sidestream cigarette smoke. Nine PAHs were determined in sidestream cigarette smokes for five types of cigarettes. The volume of the experimental room is approximately 66 m 3 . The air samples in the room were collected before and after smoking. The total PAH concentrations were approximately 1.0 ng/m 3 before smoking, but the median concentration and the range of PAHs were 29.1 ng/m 3 and from 7.62 to 57.6 ng/m 3 after smoking. The relationship between suspended particulate matter (SPM) and total PAHs after smoking is significant and proportional. This may indicate that the SPM formation is associated with PAH formation during smoking. Furthermore, nine PAHs were determined in the cigarettes. Median PAH contents in the five brands of cigarettes ranged from 221 to 936 ng per cigarette before smoking and from 66.9 to 266 ng per cigarette after smoking. Mean PAH emissions from cigarettes while smoking ranged from 257 to 1490 ng per cigarette. The results show that PAHs in the cigarettes, and those generated during smoking, were emitted into the air.

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Recent status of organohalogens, heavy metals and PAHs pollution in specific locations in India

Cited by 21 publications

References 64 publications

nfluence of Metals In Soil on The Comparative Phyto chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Study of Indian Golden Shower (Cassia Fistula)

nfluence of Metals In Soil on The Comparative Phyto chemical Characterization and Antioxidant Study of Indian Golden Shower (Cassia Fistula)

Toxicity of OTC to Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. and to microorganisms in a long-term sewage-irrigated farmland soil

Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Cigarettes and Cigarette Smoke

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