Recent Studies of Fuels Used in Wankel Rotary Engines

Abstract

During the decades past, the engine industries have witnessed a remarkable upsurge in the research and development (R&D) of modern technologies due to factors such as energy security and environmental concerns. Focus is on improved engine performance, sustainable energy, fuel economy and minimal harmful exhaust emissions. Even though globally large database now captures modern engine technologies, a skillful presentation of those data is a demanding task. Based on this analogy, the authors made a conscious effort to brief audience on the various fuels used in Wankel Rotary Engine (RE) which is a type of internal combustion engine (ICE). Wankel RE various operating models, their merits and demerits regarding modern engine technologies, the type of fuels and their utilization methods and the future prospect of bio-fuel as its engine fuel has been made accessible in a subtle manner in this paper. In summary, this paper provides a wide scope review of basic principles that govern practical Wankel RE design and operation, the widely used single fuels and multi fuels in Wankel RE operation with their properties as well as emissions, and the practical Wankel RE design and operation in the present era and the prospects in the near future. It also outlines simplified frameworks of modern Wankel RE technologies structured in a systematic way to contribute to enhanced engine performance, sustainable energy, reduce fuel consumption and reduce exhaust emissions in this pragmatic field.

Electric or gasoline: a simple model to decide when buying a new vehicle

“…Different technologies have been developed to address reduce pollutant emissions and minimize fossil fuel consumption in combustion engines. An alternative approach proposes the use of fuel mixtures in these engines, such as blending hydrogen with fossil fuels [4,6,7] and bio-fuels [8][9][10]. In recent years, significant advances have been made on the development of various technologies for commercial vehicles.…”

“…Price of the electric energy at Mexico City. The reference year is y 0 = 2023, and linear trends are shown for the fixed fee and the consumption price, with a elec,fix = 1.990 $MXN/year, b elec,fix = 84.713 $MXN, a elec,cons = 0.150 $MXN/(kW • h • year), and b elec,cons = 4.271 $MXN/(kW • h), according to equations(8). Data obtained from[24].…”