Recent Studies on the Comparative Biochemistry of the Cholinergic Neuron

Dowdall, M. J.; Fox, Geoffrey; Wächtler, K.; Whittaker, V. P.; Zimmermann, Herbert

doi:10.1101/sqb.1976.040.01.009

Cited by 46 publications

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“…This may also be deduced from the rate of choline accumulation which is several times higher in locust than in mouse synaptosome preparations. The kinetic data for the choline high affinity uptake of mouse and locust synaptosome preparations further support the notion that the rate of choline uptake by the high affinity system is correlated to the tissue acetylcholine content in different nervous systems (Dowdall et al 1976).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparative studies on cholinergic activities in the central nervous system ofLocusta migratoria

Breer

1981

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Summary.Comparative studies on biochemical and pharmacological aspects of cholinergic transmission in the cerebral ganglion of locust and the mouse cerebral cortex were performed. The results point to common features and significant differences in the cholinergic pharmacology of insect and vertebrate nervous system: ACh content as well as AChE and ChAT activities reflect a highly cholinergic innervation of the locust cerebral ganglion. While the nicotinic AChreceptor type predominates in locust nervous system, the muscarinic type is the main receptor type in mouse brain.The kinetic data for the high affinity choline uptake of locust synaptosome preparations corroborate the cholinergic properties of nerve endings from locust head ganglion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparative studies on cholinergic activities in the central nervous system ofLocusta migratoria

Breer

1981

J. Comp. Physiol.

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“…Brain synaptosomes are chemically heterogeneous and contain a mixture of nerve terminals which employ a variety of neurotransmitters. We therefore utilized the chemically homogeneous, purely cholinergic synaptosomes isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo (Dowdall et al, 1976;Michaelson and Sokolovsky, 1976;Israel et al, 1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

ADP‐Ribosylation of Membrane Proteins in Cholinergic Nerve Terminals

Lester

Steer

Michaelson

1982

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Lysed Torpedo synaptosomes or washed synaptosomal membranes were incubated with [32P]NAD+ and subjected to electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. More than eight membrane proteins were ADP-ribosylated. The most intensely labeled proteins were those of Mr = 62,000 and 82,000. Radiolabeling was more intense in synaptosomes than in other subcellular fractions. Cholera toxin caused ribosylation of additional synaptosomal proteins with Mr = 42,000 and (in some preparations) 49,000. Neither endogenous nor cholera toxin-catalyzed ADP-ribosylation required added guanyl nucleotides. Cholera toxin increased the adenylate cyclase activity of synaptosomal membranes, suggesting that the cholera toxin substrates are regulatory components of adenylate cyclase in these synaptosomes.

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“…Torpedo cholinergic PK were purified from homogenates of freshly excised Torpedo ocellata electric lobes as described by Dowdall et al, (1976). Torpedo cholinergic synaptosomes were isolated from Torpedo electric organs as previously described (Michaelson and Sokolovsky, 1978).…”

Section: Immunizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization with cholinergic cell bodies induces histopathological changes in rat brains

Michaelson

Kadar

Weiss

et al. 1990

Molecular and Chemical Neuropathology

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We have previously shown that sera from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) contain antibodies to the cell bodies (perikarya; PK) of purely cholinergic Torpedo neurons, and that repeated immunization of rats with this neuronal preparation for over a year induces learning and memory impairments. In the present study, we examined the brain morphology of cholinergic PK immunized rats relative to controls. Immunohistochemical studies of the brains of these rats revealed the accumulation of IgG in specific areas, such as, the hippocampus. Parallel histochemical studies demonstrated significant changes in the hippocampus, and in white matter areas. They included large vacuoles and necrotic nuclei in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus, tangle-like appearance in some pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus, and vacuolar degeneration accompanied by oligodendroglia hypertrophy in white matter tracts, such as, the corpus callosum and fimbria. In contrast, immunization with Torpedo cholinergic nerve terminals, that has no cognitive effects on the rat, also did not induce brain morphological changes. These findings suggest that the learning and memory deficits induced by immunizing rats with cholinergic PK are related to the observed brain morphological changes, and support the hypothesis that the antibodies to cholinergic neurons found in the sera of AD patients may play a role in neuronal degeneration in this disease.

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Recent Studies on the Comparative Biochemistry of the Cholinergic Neuron

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Comparative studies on cholinergic activities in the central nervous system ofLocusta migratoria

Comparative studies on cholinergic activities in the central nervous system ofLocusta migratoria

ADP‐Ribosylation of Membrane Proteins in Cholinergic Nerve Terminals

Immunization with cholinergic cell bodies induces histopathological changes in rat brains

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