Recent techniques used in transmission line protection: A review

Abstract

This article presents a survey of the developments in digital relays for protection of transmission lines. For a modern power system, selective high speed clearance of faults on high voltage transmission lines is critical and this survey indicates the efficient and promising implementations for fault detection, classification and fault location in power transmission line protection. The work done in this area favor computerized relays, digital communication technologies and other technical developments, to avoid cascading failures and facilitate safer, secure and reliable power systems. Efforts have been made to include almost all the techniques and philosophies of transmission line protection reported in the literature up to October 2010. The focus of this article is on the most recent techniques, like artificial neural network, fuzzy logic, fuzzy-neuro, fuzzy logicwavelet based and phasor measurement unit-based concepts as well as other conventional methods used in transmission line protection.

Protection for 330 kV transmission line and recommendation for Nigerian transmission system: a review

“…In this section, we will discuss some of the approaches used to protect transmission line which includes: i) distance relay approach [12], [13]; ii) wavelet approach [14], [15]; iii) the artificial neural network (ANN) approach [16]- [22], iv) fuzzy logic approach [23], [24], and v) mobile robot approach [25]- [28]. Other techniques are the hybrid method, machine learning and deep learning technique: i) neurofuzzy technique [24], [29]- [33], ii) wavelet and ANN technique [34]- [36], iii) wavelet and fuzzy-logic technique [37], [38], iv) wavelet and neuro-fuzzy technique [39], [40], v) machine learning approach [15], [41], [42], vi) support vector machine (SVM) [43], vii) k-nearest neighbours (KNN) and decision tree (DT) [44], and viii) principal component analysis (PCA) [45].…”

Design and development of travelling‐wave‐frequency‐based transmission line fault locator using TMS320 DSP

“…Therefore, short-circuit faults should be detected as quickly as possible. As regards transmission lines, researchers have proposed several different methods of fault detection, location, and classification, and some of these methods have been summarised in [1][2][3][4].…”

Accurate Fault Classifier and Locator for EHV Transmission Lines Based on Artificial Neural Networks

“…For transmission line protections, various algorithms were proposed in the literature. In the 70s, travelling wave techniques were introduced into the transmission line protection algorithms [1]. However, most researchers [2][3][4] mentioned that the method founded on the travelling wave does not function well for the faults near the relaying site and for faults having small fault inception angles.…”

“…The artificial neural networks were integrated in the protection relaying techniques. These techniques used samples of current and/or voltage without calculating the symmetrical components [1]. Various neural network types such as the multilayer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), and probabilistic neural network are applied for fault diagnosis in transmission lines [20][21][22][23][24].…”