Recent tectonic activity along the Bucaramanga Fault System (Chicamocha River Canyon, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia): a geomorphological approach

García-Delgado, Helbert; Villamizar-Escalante, Nicolás; Bernet, Matthias

doi:10.1127/zfg/2019/0630

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The eastern cordillera experienced mountain uplift and exhumation over the last 20 Ma, which increased since the Plio‐Pleistocene (Boschman, 2021; Siravo, Faccenna, et al, 2019; Siravo et al, 2018). A recent geomorphological study revealed that the fault system related to the Chicamocha Canyon has caused tectonic activity and intense land sliding and changing river drainage patterns (García‐Delgado et al, 2019). Further erosion leading to the extant configuration of the canyon dates to the Pleistocene (Caballero, Mora, et al, 2013; Caballero, Parra, et al, 2013; Julivert, 1958).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seasonally dry tropical forest species Cavanillesia chicamochae has a middle Quaternary origin

et al. 2021

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We use DNA sequence data to understand the evolutionary history of the genus Cavanillesia (Malvaceae), with particular emphasis on C. chicamochae, an emblematic succulent‐trunked tree endemic to seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) of the Chicamocha Canyon of Colombia, South America. Based on field sampling of multiple individuals from different populations, we inferred a phylogeny calibrated into absolute time using robust macrofossil information. We show strong support for a monophyletic Cavanillesia chicamochae, with a mean stem age of 1.46 Ma. Two different mechanisms could explain its origin, either a late uplift age of the eastern cordillera or increased dryness of the Chicamocha Canyon during the Middle Pleistocene Transition. We also find marked genetic differentiation of its populations within the Chicamocha Canyon, likely driven by a combination of climate change and local landscape processes. Our results suggest that within northern inter‐Andean SDTFs, as has been demonstrated in the central Andes, dispersal limitation leads to species and even population monophyly within individual valleys. The genetic differentiation of populations of C. chicamochae, together with the presence of other endemic and threatened species in the Chicamocha Canyon, calls for urgent management to conserve the unique biodiversity in the region. Abstract in Spanish is available with online material.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seasonally dry tropical forest species Cavanillesia chicamochae has a middle Quaternary origin

et al. 2021

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“…These aspects create zones with different degrees of deformation within the massif, which give rise to metamorphic rocks of the mylonite augen, mylonite with non-deformed blocks, mylonite with banding and igneous and sedimentary rock with catalysis types [41]. Due to these tectonic and structural conditions, previous studies in the region have identified sections within the Bucaramanga fault that present different levels of stresses and deformation (Villamizar, (2014) and González and Jiménez, (2014) cited by Velandia and Bermúdez, [39]; García-Delgado, et al, [68]). The study region is part of the sector called the Cepita section, which presents a high structural complexity due to the stroke of the Bucaramanga fault that exhumes part of the fragileductile crust zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric Evaluation and Its Incidence in the Mass Movements Present in the Chicamocha Canyon, Colombia

Ortiz

Martínez-Graña

2023

Sustainability

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The dynamic behavior of the basins evaluated by their morphometric parameters establishes a relationship with the endogenous and exogenous factors of the earth that control the modeling of the rocky massif by weathering and erosion processes. The characterization of these relationships can define the degree of affectation of the surfaces and the agents that control them as a categorical element in the definition of scenarios within the planning of physical and natural territory. This evaluation considers parameters contained within the characterization of the relief, shape and texture of the drainage and the mobility of the flow in the basin. As a result of this evaluation, three factors were obtained that control the processes in the basins: a tectonic structural factor followed by climate control and, finally, seismic activity that plays an important role in the mechanical weathering of surfaces. The correlation of these factors showed that the Umpalá, Guaca, Río Negro, Cantabara and La Cureña basins display a high degree of physical and mechanical weathering of the rocky massif and that the Manco, Talarcuta, Las Pavas, Felisco and El Abra basins are more likely to generate torrential flows. The joint evaluation of these parameters provides a useful tool to understand the dynamic behavior of basins and their impact on anthropogenic setting.

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“…The phylogeographic differentiation we found on both sides of the Chicamocha River Canyon is relatively recent. There are no precise data on the time of formation for this canyon, and geological information only indicates that the canyon is the result of fluvial erosion favored by the presence of faults that weakened the rock and permitted the excavation of deep valleys with steep slopes in the graben between Suarez and Bucaramanga faults (Guzmán 2016, García‐Delgado et al 2019). However, other lines of evidence indicate that this canyon is an ancient landform with xeric ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The persistence of dry conditions in the Chicamocha River Canyon can be explained by considering that this canyon is the largest transverse intra‐Andean valley in Colombia (Etter and Villa 2000, García‐Delgado et al 2019), and valleys of this kind have intense wind circulation along their axis due to the interaction of low, warm areas with high, cold ones, forming arid nucleous in their middle portion (White et al 1984). Considering such information, we propose that the phylogeographic structure between several HMFs bird populations arise after the formation of the Chicamocha River Canyon and their xeric ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Chicamocha River Canyon on the phylogeography of humid montane forest birds in Colombia

Arbeláez‐Cortés

Trujillo‐Arias

2021

Journal of Avian Biology

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Neotropical humid montane forest (HMF) is divided by landform discontinuities which could limit gene flow among populations. The northern Andes is a complex montane system and an excellent region to compare the role of discontinuities dividing HMFs on the phylogeography of bird species. We study phylogeographic patterns of seven HMF bird species in the western slope of the eastern Cordillera to test whether the phylogeographic structure coincides with the presence of two landform discontinuities. We sequenced and analyzed a mitochondrial DNA locus from individuals collected in localities on both sides of the xeric ecosystems of the Chicamocha River Canyon and on both sides of the depression below 2000 m a.s.l. that separates the mountain range of Serranía de los Yariguies from the rest of the eastern Cordillera. Despite the low sample size for some species in particular localities, our results show that the major phylogeographic structure within most species (i.e. Adelomyia melanogenys, Henicorhina leucophrys, Basileuterus tristriatus, and Mionectes olivaceus) is located between both sides of the canyon. However, there is no phylogeographic structure in Doryfera ludovicae, Premnoplex brunnescens, and Arremon brunneinucha, despite some degree of genetic structure in the last two. Our results support a role of the Chicamocha River Canyon as a barrier diminishing, or precluding, gene flow. Evidence of gene flow between populations separated by the landform discontinuity between Serranía de los Yariguies and the rest of the eastern Cordillera indicates that it is not a barrier for most of the species, but could be a barrier to A. melanogenys that exhibits a different phylogeographic pattern. For this hummingbird, the haplotype of the Serranía de los Yariguies is related to haplotypes in other HMFs far away from the study region. Altitudinal changes of the HMF due to paleoclimatic changes are considered to explain the phylogeographic patterns of the species.

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Recent tectonic activity along the Bucaramanga Fault System (Chicamocha River Canyon, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia): a geomorphological approach

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

The seasonally dry tropical forest species Cavanillesia chicamochae has a middle Quaternary origin

The seasonally dry tropical forest species Cavanillesia chicamochae has a middle Quaternary origin

Morphometric Evaluation and Its Incidence in the Mass Movements Present in the Chicamocha Canyon, Colombia

Role of the Chicamocha River Canyon on the phylogeography of humid montane forest birds in Colombia

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