Recent trends in beech tree health in southern Britain and the influence of soil type

Power, Sally A.; Ashmore, Mike; Ling, Katy

doi:10.1007/bf00477160

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In comparison, the trees exposed to O $ exhibited 17 % less growth, largely because of restricted internodal expansion, whereas seedlings exposed to both O $ and drought in the previous year did not show any additional reductions in growth but had even fewer internodes (Pearson & Mansfield, 1994). Changes in branching structure have also been observed in mature trees (Power, 1994 ;Power, Ashmore & Ling, 1995) but the implications for tree vitality have still to be addressed.…”

Section:      mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

et al. 1998

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In comparison with the effects of extended drought periods or severe nutrient stress, those of ozone are generally much milder, at least with respect to growth. However, there is substantial evidence from experiments, in the main using young saplings, that O $ does impose a stress on forest trees under European conditions. Decreased chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic rates, changes in carbon allocation, increased antioxidant activity, and reductions in biomass due to O $ have often been recorded, particularly in fast-growing species. Furthermore, O $ appears to weaken the trees' resilience to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Interactions between O $ and climatic stress, in particular drought and frost hardiness, are likely to result in potentially detrimental effects.A link between the occurrence of O $ and forest damage is not unequivocally established in Europe, and the problem remains of extrapolating and\or scaling up from studies on seedlings to predict responses to O $ of mature trees and forest stands, because we know so little about acclimation to O$ . An accurate assessment is also lacking of the magnitude of the O $ effect on European trees both in terms of the forest areas affected and its extent. In this review we suggest that C allocation is the key factor underlying the responses of trees to O $ . Stomata also play a key role, since the acquisition of C must be achieved while an effective control over water consumption is retained.Key words : Seedlings, mature trees, growth, drought, frost, ozone. Statistical evaluation of annual surveys of forest condition in Europe (UNECE, ICP Forests) over the last decade has shown that tree crown condition in the main damage areas cannot be wholly explained by the location, nature and climate of the site (Mu$ ller-Edzardz et al., 1997). This might imply an important role for external factors such as air pollutants in the decline of tree health. One quarter of the coniferous trees assessed were damaged ( 20 % defoliation) and damage was worst in central

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Section:      mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

et al. 1998

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“…The studied trees grow in a harsher habitat, alongside pedestrian walkways than other urban trees 80 . Crown architecture, which is considered a valuable indicator of crown condition and changes during the lifecycle of the tree 75 , may also be partially determined by site conditions 81 , 87 . The premature appearance of traits generally associated with age could be detected using Roloff’s classification 82 , 83 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The appearance of a cavity may indicate that the tree does not have enough healthy wood to remain standing. Nevertheless, most hollow trees are not dangerous 35 , 87 , 91 . Two facts can explain this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes

Suchocka

Heciak

Jankowski

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This article is a study of risk assessment of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies for the improvement of the management and protection of urban trees growing along pedestrian routes. 317 trees were examined using TRAQ risk classes, VTA and ISA BMP methodology, Roloff's vitality classification, and sonic tomography (SoT) during the spring and summer of 2021. The collected data was analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, the Dunn multiple comparison test, the pairwise comparison of proportions with Holm correction, the U-Manna-Whitney test, and the Fisher exact test. The analysed trees grow alongside public footpaths and footways in central Zakopane, Poland. The study results indicate that tree trunk hollows are judged to have no adverse effects on a tree’s vitality when assessed using visual methods and are deemed to have a limited effect on vitality estimated with SoT. Though most high and moderate-risk trees, according to SoT (88% and 80%, respectively), had hollows, such trees were a small fraction of all 171 trees with hollows, cavities and/or fruiting bodies, 2.3% and 8.8%, respectively. Therefore, the decision to remove a tree should be based on advice from a professional arborist, supported by sonic tomography (SoT) or similar objective methods.

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“…It seems clear that increased nutrient availability alone is probably not enough to trigger these changes (Heil & Bruggink 1987;Prins et al 1991;. The role of the nutrients is very complex and changes in the species composition of a community will depend not only on an increase in nutrient availability, but also on the growth phase of the dominant species (Britton et al 2003) and other factors, such as heather beetle Lochmaea suturalis and stress due to drought or frost (de Smidt 1977;Power et al 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of cutting and nitrogen deposition on biodiversity in Cantabrian heathlands

Calvo

Alonso

Marcos

et al. 2007

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions: Does the diversity of heathland vegetation change when subjected to experimental disturbances such as cutting and nitrogen fertilization? Do changes in the vegetation structure negatively affect the regeneration of the dominant species Calluna vulgaris? Is cutting an alternative method of conserving the diversity and maintaining the structure of heathlands in the Cantabrian Mountains? Location: Calluna vulgaris heathlands on the southern slopes of the Cantabrian Mountain range, NW Spain. Methods: A total of 60 plots were treated with different combinations of cutting and twice the estimated atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (56 kg-N.ha -1 .yr -1 ). The changes in the cover values of the species present were monitored over a five year study period. The cover values were used to calculate abundance and species richness. Results: Fertilizing with nitrogen allows biodiversity to increase over time. However, the greatest biodiversity is associated with the cutting plus fertilization treatment, since cutting allows gaps to be opened that are easily colonized by pioneer annual species, while fertilization mainly favours an increase in the mean number of perennial herbs (graminoids and forbs). Increased perennial herb richness also corresponds to a rise in their cover values. The recovery of the dominant woody species in these communities, Calluna vulgaris, is not impeded by the increase in perennial herbs speciesʼ cover values. Conclusions: In the Calluna vulgaris heathlands studied, cutting plus fertilization allowed an increase in biodiversity over time. No displacement of the dominant woody species, Calluna vulgaris, is observed due to the presence of the perennial herbs. Cutting patches of heathland is recommended as a mechanism for maintaining high vegetation diversity, when grazing is not possible.

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Recent trends in beech tree health in southern Britain and the influence of soil type

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

Impacts of ozone on forests: a European perspective

Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes

Effects of cutting and nitrogen deposition on biodiversity in Cantabrian heathlands

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