Recent trends in ion exchange membrane research

Abstract

-Recent trends in ion exchange membrane research are summarized from viewpoint of manufacturing ion-exchange membranes. While ion-exchange membranes used in industrial area are mostly of the polymerization types crosslinked by divinylbenzene or of perfluorocarbon types, various attempts to make new types of membranes have also been made using other polymers and different methods. For certain industrial requirements, ion-exchange membranes having an anisotropic structure are used in various areas : electrodialytic concentration of sea water, electrolysis of sodium chloride, reverse osmosis etc. And micro-structure of the membranes is also actively analyzed by various measuring methods.Industrial applications of the membranes, being practiced, are discussed according to our experience. Electrodialysis is applied to concentration of sea water for making edible salt, demineralization of saline water, treatment of waste water and food industry.Electrolysis of sodium chloride and other solutions is also discussed.Other applications are diffusion dialysis to recover acid from waste acid solutions, and separator for battery. In this work, other various researches concerning membrane usage are explained by citing the literature.

An overview of the recovery of acid from spent acidic solutions from steel and electroplating industries

“…In recent years, new AEM's with lower proton leakage have appeared in the market. It is now possible to concentrate mineral acids, such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids, from 2.6N up to 15N using these new membranes [85,87,88]. Waste sulphuric acid solution has been treated by diffusion dialysis [89][90][91], electro-dialysis [92,93], nanofiltration [94] and membrane separation [95].…”

Modification of polysulfone membranes with polyethylene glycol and lignosulfate: electrical characterization by impedance spectroscopy measurements

“…Membrane separation systems are currently employed in different industrial fields, mainly those related to the use of pressure and concentration gradients (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, or reverse osmosis and dialysis or hemodialysis, respectively), but those associated with an electrical potential gradient (electrodialysis) are also well established nowadays [1][2][3]. Moreover, new membrane applications such as fuel cells must be considered, due to their industrial interest importance [4].…”

Purification of aqueous amine solvents used in post combustion CO2 capture: A review

“…Membranes are designed to have low electrical resistance, be resistant to swelling and have high thermal and mechanical stability. Commercial anionic and cationic ED membranes were originally based on the same styrene and divinyl benzene chemistry as ion exchange resins (Sata, 1986;Tanaka et al, 2011). However, aliphatic acrylic materials are also now used commercially as these can be more resistant to free chlorine and to organic fouling (Elyanow et al, 1981;Hodgdon, 1992).…”

“…However, aliphatic acrylic materials are also now used commercially as these can be more resistant to free chlorine and to organic fouling (Elyanow et al, 1981;Hodgdon, 1992). Fluorocarbon-based cation exchange membranes, such as Nafion ® , are also available (Sata, 1986). These have high chemical and thermal stability but can be very expensive (Strathmann, 2010).…”