Recent trends in liquid desiccant materials and cooling systems: Application, performance and regeneration characteristics

Salikandi, Mohammad; Ranjbar, Benyamin; Shirkhan, Elahe; Priya, S. Shanmuga; Thirunavukkarasu, I; Sudhakar, K.

doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101579

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…The introduction of ILs as desiccant provided alternative low melting point and non-corrosive working fluid to surmount the constraints posed by common liquid desiccants (Halide salt solutions). 31,58,59 Watanabe et al 31 reported that dimethyl ester of phosphate acid, methyl phosphate {P 4441 }{DMPO 4 } has the best dehumidification capacity of about 10 944%/mol. The dehumidification capacity is a crucial parameter in dehumidifier selection because it indicates the maximum moisture removing strength of any moisture removal equipment.…”

Section: Ils As Liquid Desiccants For Ldacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccant solutions, membrane technologies, and regeneration techniques in liquid desiccant air conditioning system

2021

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Liquid desiccant air dehumidification has gained substantial attention recently due to its attractive energy-saving capability, high moisture retention, and low regeneration temperature. However, there are still unresolved limitations in liquid desiccant air conditioning systems (LDACs). Among on-going studies are the search for greener desiccant solvents, high-performance membrane, and regeneration techniques hybridization. This review discusses up-to-date development of the performance influential components of LDACs, such as desiccant properties, regeneration techniques, membranes, energy sources, and hybrid system configurations. The corrosive nature of conventional halide salt solutions, non-biodegradability and high viscosity property of most ionic liquids necessitate the search for alternative solvents in LDACs. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) properties, such as non-corrosive, hygroscopic, biodegradable, and low viscosity idealize promising alternative desiccant solutions. Therefore, DES may be usefully explored and further investigated in LDACs to establish the degree of their capacities in replacing conventional desiccants. Non-thermal regeneration techniques and nanoparticle enhanced membranes were also found to improve the overall energy performance of the LDAC system. Nonthermal regeneration techniques can operate below 40 C and reduce energy utilization between 10% and 50% in indoor space cooling. The coefficient of performance (COP) of this regeneration category is capable of being as high as 6, which is an indication of its promising energy-saving propensity. Highlights• Review on liquid desiccant materials and the potential of deep eutectic solvents as bio-desiccants for air dehumidification.

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Section: Ils As Liquid Desiccants For Ldacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desiccant solutions, membrane technologies, and regeneration techniques in liquid desiccant air conditioning system

2021

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“…LDAC is a potential game changer in advancing the air-conditioning industry to become greener and more energy-efficient (Gurubalan et al 2019;Chen et al 2020;Salikandi et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…lithium chloride (LiCl) solution). The hygroscopic nature of the liquid desiccant solution drives the moisture removal without the need for deep cooling and reheating the air; therefore, the energy consumption of the LDAC systems is markedly reduced compared to that of the conventional vapour-compression based air-conditioners (Gurubalan et al 2019;Chen et al 2020;Salikandi et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most current LDAC systems rely on thermal evaporation for the regeneration of liquid desiccant solutions (Cheng and Zhang 2013;. This regeneration method involves heating the diluted liquid desiccant solution to a high temperature prior to spraying it in countercurrent flow with a hot air stream in a packed bed media (Lowenstein 2008;Cheng and Zhang 2013;Salikandi et al 2021). The direct contact between the hot liquid desiccant solution and the air stream inevitably leads to the carry-over of desiccant droplets in the air stream, which is regarded as a vexing technical issue of the thermal evaporation regeneration method Gurubalan et al 2019;Chen et al 2020;Salikandi et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This regeneration method involves heating the diluted liquid desiccant solution to a high temperature prior to spraying it in countercurrent flow with a hot air stream in a packed bed media (Lowenstein 2008;Cheng and Zhang 2013;Salikandi et al 2021). The direct contact between the hot liquid desiccant solution and the air stream inevitably leads to the carry-over of desiccant droplets in the air stream, which is regarded as a vexing technical issue of the thermal evaporation regeneration method Gurubalan et al 2019;Chen et al 2020;Salikandi et al 2021). Moreover, high-temperature heating required for the regeneration of liquid desiccant solution in the evaporation regenerator primarily contributes to the energy consumption of the LDAC process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of pilot direct contact membrane distillation regeneration of lithium chloride solution in liquid desiccant air-conditioning systems using computer simulation

Duong

Nghiem

Ansari

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Membrane distillation (MD) has been increasingly explored for treatment of various hyper saline waters, including lithium chloride (LiCl) solutions used in liquid desiccant airconditioning (LDAC) systems. In this study, the regeneration of liquid desiccant LiCl solution by a pilot direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process is assessed using computer simulation. Unlike previous experimental investigations, the simulation allows to incorporate both temperature and concentration polarisation effects in the analysis of heat and mass transfer through the membrane, thus enabling the systematic assessment of the pilot DCMD regeneration of the LiCl solution. The simulation results demonstrate distinctive profiles of water flux, thermal efficiency, and LiCl concentration along the membrane under co-current and counter-current flow modes, and the pilot DCMD process under counter-current flow is superior to that under co-current flow regarding the process thermal efficiency and LiCl concentration enrichment. Moreover, for the pilot DCMD regeneration of LiCl solution under the counter-current flow, the feed inlet temperature, LiCl concentration, and especially the membrane leaf length exert profound impacts on the process performance: the process water flux halves from 12 to 6 L/(m 2 h) while thermal efficiency decreases by 20% from 0.46 to 0.37 when the membrane leaf length increases from 0.5 to 1.5 m.

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Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies

Potyka,

Dalibard,

Tovar

2024

Discov Appl Sci

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Water scarcity is a growing global and systematic problem in regions with low groundwater availability. Atmospheric water generation (AWG) technologies are an innovative solution to the water shortage problem, as atmospheric water vapor is a readily available resource even in arid regions, with the drawback of high energy consumption. In this paper, the viability of AWG technologies on an energy and economic level is investigated by thermodynamic modeling of three main active AWG systems consisting of cooling condensation, adsorption and absorption processes. A location analysis model is developed to evaluate the performance based on representative weather data of temperature, pressure and relative humidity over a period of one year to account for seasonal shifts and daily variations in climatic conditions. The specific energy consumption kWh/kg, water production trend and total specific cost are calculated for each technology. Water production by seawater desalination at the nearest coastline and transportation to the site by tanker truck, as well as bottled water prices, are used as benchmarks to assess economic viability. The results show that active AWG systems can only be an economically viable alternative if the water consumption site is relatively far from the coast or other water-rich regions and low electricity costs are available (distance >600 km, electricity price <0.10 US$/kWh). Compared to bottled water, all AWG technologies are in a competitive price range. Absorption systems have an energy efficiency advantage over conventional cooling condensation and adsorption systems (cooling condensation: average 0.42 kWh/kg; absorption: average 0.38 kWh/kg; adsorption: average 1.16 kWh/kg), but require a higher degree of process and plant design development. However, because of the high fluctuation in water production, atmospheric water generation technologies should be considered as a complementary supply to conventional water sources.

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Recent trends in liquid desiccant materials and cooling systems: Application, performance and regeneration characteristics

Cited by 27 publications

References 135 publications

Desiccant solutions, membrane technologies, and regeneration techniques in liquid desiccant air conditioning system

Desiccant solutions, membrane technologies, and regeneration techniques in liquid desiccant air conditioning system

Assessment of pilot direct contact membrane distillation regeneration of lithium chloride solution in liquid desiccant air-conditioning systems using computer simulation

Energetic analysis and economic viability of active atmospheric water generation technologies

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