Recent Trends in Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Colorimetric Chemical Sensing and Micro-Electronic Packaging Applications

Abstract

Noble metal NPs are highly attractive candidates because of their unique combination of physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties. A lot of developments in this area are still fascinating the materials research community, and are broadly categorized in various sectors such as chemical sensors, biosensors, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and microelectronic applications. The related function and properties of the noble metals in these areas can be further tailored by tuning their chemical, optical, and electronic properties that are influenced by their size, shape, and distribution. The most widely used Au and Ag NPs in dispersed phase below 100 nm exhibit strong color change in the visible range which alters upon aggregation of the NPs. The chemical sensing of the analyte is influenced by these NPs aggregates. In this article, we have summarized the uniqueness of noble metal NPs, their synthesis methods, nucleation and growth process, and their important applications in chemical sensing, microelectronic packaging, and Förster resonance energy transfer.

Light-Emitting-Diode-Assisted, Fungal-Pigment-Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antibacterial Activity

“…The LED light wavelengths selected from previous experiments were used to determine the optimum metal salt precursor concentration for AgNP synthesis. Different concentrations of AgNO 3 (2,5,10,15, and 20 mM) were used to synthesize AgNP under the aforementioned reaction conditions. The reaction mixture was then exposed to the selected LEDs in a chamber at 28 • C, and homogeneity was ensured using a magnetic stirrer for 24 h. Dark condition was used as a control treatment.…”

“…In the past few years, increasing application of nanotechnology has ushered a progressive uptick in the field of metal nanoparticle research [ 1 ]. Metal nanoparticles have attracted interest in various fields of application, including nanosensors [ 2 ], nanocatalysts [ 3 ], textiles [ 4 ], medicine and cancer therapeutics [ 5 , 6 ], wound healing [ 7 ], water treatment [ 8 , 9 ], plant disease control [ 10 , 11 ], and antimicrobials [ 12 ], owing to their distinct properties. Both physical and chemical synthesis of metal nanoparticles, including top-down and bottom-up processes, are energy-intensive and adversely affect the environment via residual contaminants [ 1 , 13 ].…”

Advanced metal and carbon nanostructures for medical, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications

“…External variables, e.g., friction and pressure, constrain the particles in the desired shape and sizes to reduce in dimension. 13,14 In recent times, for instance, many initiatives, such as ball milling, have been used in the handling of nanoscale materials, 15 including the lithography process, 16 pyrolysis process, 17 and the thermolysis process. 18 However, the top-down techniques have some drawbacks, e.g., large size variation, residual stresses, and therefore more surface defects.…”

“…It has found use in electronics and medicine too, in addition to its primary use. 13 Michael Faraday's research of Au colloids in the nanoscale range is one of the earliest historical milestones in the nanoscience literature, from the middle of the 19th century. Colloidal Au is a suspension of nano-sized Au particles in a fluid, with remarkable optical characteristics.…”

Nanochemistry for Chemistry Educators

“…For example, gold (Au) displays known, familiar properties of being: (i) a gold-colored, soft, and shiny metal; (ii) a good conductor of heat and electricity; (iii) chemically inert (making it widely used in the jewellery industry); and (iv) its melting point could reach 1064 1C. 63 These properties are present in gold, in dimensions larger than the nanometre range. Reducing the size of gold to the nanometre scale causes drastic changes in its characteristic properties.…”