“…This discovery, combined with public awareness of the need for cheap and clean energy, prompted extensive research on semiconductor-liquid-junction solar cells (SLJC) using TiO 2 . [3][4][5][6][7][8] In addition to SLJC, TiO 2 soon found applications in many other areas, such as, photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of solar to chemical energy, [9][10][11] photocatalytic degradation of air/water pollutants, [12][13][14] and photochemical methods for organic functional group transformations and metal recovery. [15][16][17] TiO 2 has numerous industrial applications as a dielectric material in electronic circuits, optical coatings, as an additive in toothpaste, and as white pigment.…”